未成年血友病患者照护者社会经济状况与血友病健康素养的关系：有效健康信息获取的中介作用

Impact of effective health information acquisition on hemophilia-related health litera- cy among caregivers of underage hemophilia patients

摘要

目的：探讨我国未成年血友病患者照护者的有效健康信息获取水平对其血友病健康素养的影响，为提升照护者健康素养提供建议。方法：基于2024年全国多中心横断面调查《中国血友病患者健康素养调查》数据，采用方便抽样法纳人 856 例未成年血友病患者的成年照护者。通过单因素 ANOVA 分析或独立样本 t 检验了解不同人口学特征下照护者健康素养和有效健康信息获取水平的差异，并采用 Bootstrap 法检验有效健康信息获取在健康素养与其影响因素之间的中介作用。结果：未成年血友病患者照护者的血友病健康素养水平整体较低，平均得分为11.87±2.92 。仅有 20.68% 的照护者具备血友病健康素养，婚姻状况、受教育程度、家庭年收入、户籍所在地和就业状况是照护者血友病健康素养的影响因素（P<0.05）。未成年血友病患者照护者对各类健康信息获取渠道的使用率均超过70％，超过95％的照护者报告从医护人员、血友病患者组织获取血友病相关健康信息。未成年血友病患者照护者有效健康信息获取水平整体偏低（34.43±16.50），有效健康信息获取水平与受教育程度、户籍所在地、就业状况相关，受教育程度越高、户籍所在地为城市及有全职工作的照护者有效健康信息获取水平更高，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。中介效应分析表明，有效健康信息获取水平与血友病健康素养呈正相关（P<0.01），且有效健康信息获取在＂受教育程度＂与＂血友病健康素养＂、＂就业状况＂与＂血友病健康素养＂，以及＂户籍所在地＂与＂血友病健康素养＂之间均存在部分中介作用（P<0.05）。结论：未成年血友病患者照护者的血友病健康素养水平较低，提升照护者的有效健康信息获取水平有助于改善其血友病健康素养；针对不同社会人口学特征的人群，可通过优化有效健康信息获取路径，间接提升其健康素养水平。

Abstract

Objective：To examine the impact of effective health information acquisition on hemophilia- related health literacy among adult caregivers of children and adolescents with hemophilia in China，and to provide evidence-based recommendations for improving adult caregivers＇hemophilia-related health literacy. Methods：Data were derived from the 2024 nationwide multicenter cross-sectional survey， ＂Health Literacy Survey of Hemophilia Patients in China＂.A total of 856 adult caregivers of children and adolescents with hemophilia were recruited through convenience sampling.To explore the differences in hemophilia-related health literacy and effective health information acquisition levels among caregivers across different demographic characteristics，univariate ANOVA and independent-samples t test were adopted for statistical analysis.The bootstrap method was employed to test the mediating role of effective health information acquisition in the relationship between hemophilia-related health literacy and its influencing factors. Results：The overall level of hemophilia-related health literacy among caregivers of minor patients with hemophilia was relatively low，with an average score of 11.87±2.92.Only 20.68% of the caregivers for underage patients with hemophilia had acquired hemophilia-related health literacy. Univariate ANOVA analysis indicated that marital status，educational attainment，annual household in- come，registered residence location，and employment status significantly influenced adult caregivers＇he- mophilia-related health literacy (P<0.05).The utilization rate of various health information channels by caregivers of underage hemophilia patients exceeded 70％.Over 95％of the caregivers reported obtaining hemophilia-related health information from medical staff and hemophilia patient organizations.While，the caregivers demonstrated relatively low overall effective health information acquisition (34.43±16.50). The level of effective health information acquisition was related to educational attainment，place of house- hold registration and employment status.Caregivers with higher educational attainment，urban household registration and full-time employment had a higher level of effective health information acquisition，and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).The mediation analysis showed that the level of effective health information acquisition was positively correlated with hemophilia health literacy (P< 0.01），and effective health information acquisition played a partial mediating role between＂education at- tainment＂and＂hemophilia health literacy＂，＂employment status＂and＂hemophilia health literacy＂， and＂place of household registration＂and＂hemophilia health literacy＂（P<0.05）.Higher educational attainment and favorable employment status not only directly improved health literacy，but also indirectly enhanced it by promoting effective information acquisition.Compared with urban household registration， rural household registration had a negative impact on health literacy in patients with hemophilia.Mean- while，effective information acquisition also exerted a partial mediating effect between registered residence location and health literacy. Conclusion：The hemophilia-related health literacy among caregivers of un- derage hemophilia patients is relatively low.Enhancing adult caregivers＇effective health information ac- quisition of health information will improve their hemophilia-related health literacy.Tailored strategies to optimize effective health information acquisition for adult caregivers with varying sociodemographic char- acteristics could indirectly contribute to improved health literacy outcomes.

关键词

血友病健康素养 / 未成年血友病患者 / 照护者 / 有效健康信息获取

Key words

Hemophilia-related health literacy / Underage hemophilia patients / Caregiver / Effective health information acquisition

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