The morphological characteristics of coarse aggregates significantly affect the mechanical properties of asphalt mixtures and thus directly influence their road performance and durability. This paper aims to innovatively propose an evaluation method for the angularity of coarse aggregates. A three-dimensional (3D) scanner was used to acquire the surface profile information of coarse aggregates, and local angularity features were extracted through point cloud data analysis. Subsequently, a comprehensive 3D angularity evaluation index for coarse aggregates (A3D) was proposed by combining local normal vectors and curvature characteristics. The results indicate that A3D can be more accurately and independently used for angularity evaluation. The relevant evaluation parameters are as follows: When the value of the basic search radius coefficient μ is 0.05, the intersecting areas of arbitrary fracture surfaces can be effectively extracted; when the dynamic dual-threshold coefficients are 40% < ηk < 50% and 70% < ησ < 80%, the algorithm has good sensitivity to the variations of curvature and normal vectors and can effectively eliminate redundant data while ensuring the accuracy of feature extraction. Parallel control experiments indicate that when measuring the angularity parameters of the same batch, it is optimal to take the uniform amplification parameter λ as 10 000‒15 000. When the content of flaky and elongated particles in coarse aggregates is high, increasing λ to 15 000‒20 000 can enhance the ability to distinguish local sharp features. Computational analysis reveals that A3D is more accurate than the traditional two-dimensional evaluation method, has a good correlation with the three-dimensional voxel angularity index, and shows higher sensitivity to the evaluation indices of flaky and elongated or sharp-edged crushed stone particles. Calculation results at different scaling ratios demonstrate that the algorithm has good adaptability to the particle sizes of gravel and crushed stone coarse aggregates and has better adaptability to the differences in gravel particle sizes.
为了准确表征路用粗集料的棱角性,明晰其与沥青混合料路用性能的内在联系,国内外学者结合数字图像处理技术[7-8]以及3D扫描技术提出或优化了各类粗集料棱角性指标。王彪等[9]分析了基于单幅数字图像、多幅数字图像以及基于三维图形的粗集料颗粒形态特征的测试与分析方法,肯定了三维评价方法的巨大优势与前景;郭慧敏[10]通过梯度法原理计算轮廓线每隔3点梯度向量的方位角差值之和表征粗集料棱角性指数;林博煌等[11]利用Image‑Pro Plus 6.0软件,通过扇形扫描的方法辨识粗集料直径、面积和形心位置等体积指标;Zhu等[12]为了实现棱角性的独立表征,采用压缩法消除了针片状对棱角性的影响;Jin等[13]采用三角mesh重构粗集料的方法,提出了利用三角化小平面的法向量簇统计结果表征粗集料3D棱角性的方法;蒋进等[14]基于3D扫描仪获取粗集料表面3D点云数据和最佳拟合椭球,构建了粗集料3D棱角指标;Zhang等[15]基于最优椭球体和粗集料颗粒的点云,提出了一种3D棱角性指标,通过引入临界判别系数,剔除了颗粒上的微小凸起部分;Liu等[16]基于粗集料3D轮廓表面积与等效椭球表面积的比例表征粗集料的3D棱角性;Ding等[17]通过激光扫描仪采集粗集料3D点云数据,删除3D轮廓曲率变化较大点,利用删除前后粗集料3D轮廓体积变化率来表征粗集料的3D棱角性;Jiang等[18]将集料3D形状转化为表面积、体积和轮廓长度函数的椭球指数,进而综合评价粗集料的3D棱角特征。纵观近年来国内外提出或采用的粗集料3D棱角性评价方法,主要包括等效体积类和3D点云直接计算类,前者更多包含了粗集料3D轮廓的整体特征,涵盖轮廓特征信息更为全面;后者具有针对局部特征的优势,可随表征需求强调局部特征的变化情况,但存在一定的特种设备依赖性或算法复杂性。自粗集料形态表征相关研究开展以来,研究人员长期致力于提升粗集料各层面(形状、棱角、纹理)形态表征的准确性及针对性[19],由此可见,如何提出更为准确且独立用于粗集料棱角性的评价指标是目前该领域的关键问题。
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