Structural safety is directly affected by the mechanical properties of concrete at high temperatures. Firstly, based on the existing compression and tension test data of concrete at high temperatures, the Abaqus finite element software was adopted for numerical simulation reproduction, and the reliability of the simulation method was verified. Secondly, by simulating the uniaxial tension-compression and confining pressure tests of normal concrete with different strength grades under high temperatures of 20‒800 ℃, the influence rules of temperature on the compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, elastic modulus, and stress‒strain relationship of concrete were elucidated. Finally, based on three commonly used machine learning algorithms, i.e., BP neural network (BPNN), support vector regression (SVR), and Gaussian process regression (GPR), a rapid prediction model for the mechanical properties of concrete at different temperatures was established. The results indicate that the prediction accuracies of the GPR and SVR models are relatively high, and the R2 of the prediction models for the compressive strength and tensile strength of concrete are 0.997 23 and 0.979 55, respectively.
近年来,中国学者对各类混凝土的力学性能进行了许多研究。岳志才等[1]研究了低温地区的砂石制混凝土的碳化、抗渗以及抗冻等性能;方驰等[2]研究了保水轻骨料及其掺入量对UHPC自收缩和力学性能的影响;周进毅等[3]对不同PVE纤维体积掺量珊瑚混凝土进行了力学试验,得到PVE纤维对混凝土力学性能影响。然而,建筑结构火灾事故频发。有关数据显示,中国每年因建筑火灾造成的死亡人数超千人,经济损失达50亿元。包括《Guide for determining the fire endurance of concrete elements》 (ACI 216R-90)[4],《Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures》(CEN Eurocodes)[5]和《建筑防火通用规范》(GB 55037—2022)[6]等在内的混凝土结构相关规范及标准,均明确指出建筑结构必须保证受火或高温作用后,在耐火时间内仍能正常发挥承载功能。因此,研究高温下混凝土力学性能对建筑物的抗火能力以及人身安全保障具有重要意义。
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