1例疑似猪伪狂犬病病毒疫苗引起免疫耐受的病例分析
徐国 , 魏明寅 , 蒋泽修 , 杨薇 , 何连华 , 姜德荣 , 何江 , 陈娟
养殖与饲料 ›› 2025, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (06) : 71 -74.
1例疑似猪伪狂犬病病毒疫苗引起免疫耐受的病例分析
Analyzing a suspected immunological tolerance caused by porcine pseudorabies virus vaccine
目的 贵州省某生猪养殖场猪群经过多次伪狂犬病病毒疫苗免疫,但抗体阳性率为0,为确定导致该猪场猪群伪狂犬病病毒抗体水平急剧下降的关键因素。 方法 2023年,采集该养殖场猪群血液样本10份,采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)和聚合酶链反应(PCR)扩增技术进行检测,并进行流行病学调查等。 结果 ELISA和病原学检测结果显示,PRV-gB和PRV-gE抗体为阴性,PRV-gD基因PCR检测为阳性,gE全基因检测呈阴性;现场调研发现疫苗质量标准、免疫剂量合理,饲养环境清洁,猪场兽药和饲养管理规范,猪群未表现出任何猪伪狂犬病的临床症状,但对伪狂犬病病毒疫苗进行高频率、高密度免疫;猪只外周血淋巴细胞的增殖活性较低,细胞因子如干扰素-γ、白细胞介素-2等的分泌量也显著减少,且该猪群其他疫苗免疫抗体水平正常。 结论 综合分析T细胞反应弱、调节性T细胞增多,但其他疫苗抗体水平正常等指标发现猪群PRV-gB和PRV-gE抗体水平低可能与猪场高密度免疫,引发猪群的伪狂犬病病毒免疫耐受有关。
Objectives The key factors causing a dramatic decrease in the level of pseudorabies virus (PRV) antibodies in pig herds at a pig farm in Guizhou Province underwent multiple immunizations against PRV but exhibited the antibody positivity rate of 0 were identified. Methods The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification techniques were used to detect the 10 blood samples collected from the pig population of the farm in 2023. Epidemiological investigations were subsequently conducted. Results The results of ELISA and etiological analyses showed that antibody against PRV gB and PRV gE was negative. The results of PCR detection showed that antibody against PRV gD was positive. The results of detecting the full-length of gene showed that antibody against PRV gE was negative. On-site investigations confirmed compliance with vaccine quality standards, appropriate immunization dosages, hygienic rearing conditions, standardized veterinary drug usage, and proper husbandry management in the pig farm. had No clinical symptoms of porcine pseudorabies were observed in pig herds, but high-frequency and high-density immunizations against PRV pseudorabies virus were conducted. The proliferative activity of peripheral blood lymphocytes in pigs was low, and the secretion of cytokines including interferon-γ and interleukin-2 was significantly reduced. The levels of antibody for other vaccines in this pig herds were normal. Conclusions The results of comprehensively analyzing indexes including weakened T-cell responses, increased regulatory T-cells, and normal antibody levels for other vaccines showed that the low titer of PRV-gB and PRV-gE antibody in pig herds may be related to high-density immunity in pig farms, leading to the immunological tolerance of pseudorabies virus in pig herds.
猪伪狂犬病 / 伪狂犬病病毒 / ELISA / 免疫耐受 / 流行病学调查 / PCR扩增检测
Porcine pseudorabies / pseudorabies virus (PRV) / enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) / immunological tolerance / epidemiological investigation / polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
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