蛋白桑加工畜禽饲料的工艺技术及养殖试验研究
Processing technology and farming experiment of protein mulberry processed livestock and poultry feed
目的 聚焦桑叶加工畜禽饲料中存在的问题,优化工艺技术,将蛋白桑加工为优质的畜禽饲料,并验证其在实际养殖中的应用效果。 方法 采用厌氧发酵、干燥、粉碎、调配等工艺技术,将蛋白桑制成青贮饲料、颗粒饲料和粉体饲料,通过梯度对比试验,确定最佳配方。开展养殖试验,分析评估蛋白桑饲料对畜禽养殖的效果。 结果 优化了发酵条件,确定了桑叶+益生菌复合发酵剂+玉米粉混合发酵工艺,通过梯度对比试验确定了配合颗粒猪饲料的最优配方为添加9%蛋白桑粉,粉体鸡饲料的最优配方为添加5%桑叶粉。桑叶饲料养殖对比试验表明,桑叶羊肉大理石花纹评分平均提高17.6%,蒸煮损失平均降低16.0%,脂肪分布更均匀;桑叶猪肉眼肌面积平均提高48.49%,背膘厚度降低26.63%,蒸煮损失降低13.83%;桑叶鸡蛋胆固醇含量平均降低3.67%,蛋黄颜色从6级提高到8级,蛋壳强度提高36.3%,蛋形指数、蛋重量均有改善。 结论 蛋白桑是一种优质的功能饲料原料,其应用有助于提高畜禽产品质量。
Objectives Protein mulberry was processed into livestock and poultry feed with high-quality by optimizing the process technology and the effect of its application in practical farming was verified to solve the problems in processing livestock and poultry feed with mulberry leaves. Methods Anaerobic fermentation, drying, crushing, blending and other process technologies were used to process protein mulberry into the silage feed, pellet feed and powder feed. The optimal formula was determined through gradient comparison experiments. Farming experiments were conducted to analyze and evaluate the effectiveness of protein mulberry feed on farming livestock and poultry. Results The conditions for fermentation were optimized, and the mixed fermentation process of mulberry leaf + prebiotic compound starter + maize flour was determined. The optimal formula for pellet pig feed and powdered chicken feed was determined to be the addition of 9% protein mulberry powder and 5% mulberry leaf powder through gradient comparison experiments. The results of comparative experiment of farming with mulberry leaf feed showed that the marble pattern score of mulberry leaf lamb increased by an average of 17.6%, the steaming loss decreased by an average of 16.0%, and the fat distribution was more uniform. The average eye muscle area of mulberry leaf pork increased by 48.49%, the backfat thickness decreased by 26.63%, and the cooking loss decreased by 13.83%. The average content of cholesterol in eggs with mulberry leaf decreased by 3.67%, the yolk color increased from level 6 to level 8, the eggshell strength increased by 36.3%, and both the indexes of egg shape and egg weight were improved. Conclusions Protein mulberry is a material for functional feed with high-quality, and its application can help improve the quality of livestock and poultry products.
蛋白桑 / 青贮饲料 / 颗粒饲料 / 粉体饲料 / 富硒桑叶 / 屠宰性状 / 蛋品质
protein mulberry / silage feed / pellet feed / powder feed / selenium-enriched mulberry leaves / slaughter traits / egg quality
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陕西省重点研发项目-秦创原产业聚集区“四链”融合“富硒蛋白桑畜禽饲料产品生产关键技术研究与示范推广”(2024CY-JJQ-30)
陕西省重点研发计划项目“富硒桑叶青贮饲料加工技术集成与示范”(2024NC-YBXM-085)
重点项目-秦创原产业聚集区“四链”融合“富硒桑叶鸡蛋产业化生产与无害化处理关键技术研究应用”(2024CY-JJQ-13)
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