青贮燕麦与全株玉米组合对白牦牛饲喂效果的影响
Effects of combining silage oats with whole-plant silage maize on the efficiency of feeding white yaks
目的 为解决高寒牧区白牦牛养殖季节性饲草短缺的问题,探讨青贮燕麦与全株青贮玉米不同比例组合应用于白牦牛舍饲喂养的生产性能和牛肉品质。 方法 选择3周岁左右、体重相近((300.00±6.25) kg)健康的白牦牛60 头,平均分为Ⅰ组(对照组)、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组、Ⅴ组。试验牛日饲喂精饲料相同,粗饲料由青贮燕麦与全株青贮玉米组成,其中青贮燕麦含量依次分别为0%、25%、50%、75%和100%。预试期7 d,正试期90 d,分别测定生长性能、屠宰性能和肉品质。 结果 Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组、Ⅴ组的牛末重和平均日增重均显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05);Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组、Ⅴ组的料重比较Ⅰ组分别降低1.78%、2.02%和1.63%;试验各组的屠宰率、净肉率、肉骨比和眼肌面积差异均不显著(P>0.05)。当青贮燕麦与青贮全株玉米配比达到50∶50时,熟肉率分别较对照组提高1.5%,嫩度降低1.7%。 结论 青贮燕麦与全株青贮玉米适宜的配比饲喂白牦牛,能提高白牦牛的生长性能,改善肉品质,当配比达到50%∶50%时,饲喂效果最好。
Objectives The effects of different ratios of silage oats combined with whole-plant silage maize on the production performance and beef quality of white yaks raised with house feeding were studied to solve the problem of seasonal shortage of forage in the farming of white yaks in high-altitude pastoral areas. Methods 60 healthy white yaks around 3 years old with similar weight of (300.00 ± 6.25) kg were evenly divided into 4 groups including Group Ⅰ (control group), Group Ⅱ, Group Ⅲ, Group Ⅳ, and Group Ⅴ. The experimented white yaks were fed with the same concentrated feed on a daily basis, while the roughage consisted of silage oats and whole-plant silage maize. The content of silage oats was 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%, respectively. The pre-trial period and the trial period was 7 days and 90 days, respectively. The growth performance, slaughter performance, and meat quality of experimented white yaks was measured. Results The final weight and average daily weight gain (ADG) of white yaks in the Group Ⅲ,Ⅳ and Ⅴ were significantly higher than that in the Group Ⅰ and Ⅱ (P<0.05). The ratio of feed to weight of white yaks in the Group Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ and Ⅴ decreased by 1.78%, 2.02%, and 1.63% compared to that in the Group Ⅰ, respectively. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in slaughter rate, net meat rate, ratio of meat to bone, and eye muscle area among the experimental groups. The cooked meat rate in the Group Ⅲ increased by 1.5% and the tenderness decreased by 1.7% compared to that in the control group when the ratio of silage oats combined with whole-plant silage maize reached 50%:50%. Conclusions The appropriate ratio of silage oats to whole-plant silage maize for feeding white yaks can improve their growth performance and meat quality, with the feeding effect when the ratio reaches 50%∶50%.
青贮燕麦 / 全株青贮玉米 / 饲草 / 白牦牛 / 高寒牧区 / 饲料粮减量替代
silage oat / whole-plant silage maize / forage grass / white yaks / high-altitude pastoral areas / reduction and substitution of feed
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甘肃省2024年度粮改饲项目
甘肃省科技计划资助-东西协作专项(23CXNH0012)
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