湖北蕲春三角山黄牛的种质资源调查研究
Investigating the germplasm of yellow cattle in Qichun Sanjiao Mountain in Hubei Province
目的 深入了解湖北蕲春三角山黄牛的发展现状及其种质特性,为其保育与产业发展提供基础数据。 方法 采用典型调查法,对蕲春三角山黄牛的种质资源进行系统调查评估。 结果 蕲春三角山黄牛现存栏9 000头,外形特征以“眼睑黑(熊猫眼)、鼻镜黑、四肢下端黑、尾尖黑、会阴黑,鼻梁高挺”的“八黑、高鼻梁”著称,与湖北地方品种黄陂黄牛、枣北黄牛、郧巴黄牛和恩施黄牛相比,品种特征辨识度高,部分生产性能指标如成年公牛体高明显优于其他品种黄牛;在6~12月龄阶段,生长速度表现优异,同时肉质细嫩、肌肉发达、性情温顺、耐粗饲且抗逆性强。 结论 蕲春三角山黄牛在种质资源价值与肉用生产方面具有广阔的开发与利用潜力。
Objectives The status of development and characteristics of germplasm of yellow cattle in Qichun Sanjiao Mountain were deeply investigated to provide basic data for its conservation and the development of cattle industry. Methods A systematic evaluation of the germplasm of yellow cattle in Qichun Sanjiao Mountain was conducted with the typical survey method. Results There are currently 9 000 yellow cattle in the Qichun Sanjiao Mountain area, known for their distinctive features of ''eight black and high nose bridges'' with black eyelids (panda eyes), black nose mirror, black lower limbs, black tail tip, black perineum, and high nose bridge. Compared with local breeds in Hubei province including Huangpi yellow cattle, Zaobei yellow cattle, Yunba yellow cattle, and Enshi yellow cattle, this breed has a high degree of feature recognition, and some indexes of production performance including the body height of adult bull are significantly better than that of other four breeds of yellow cattle. The growth rate at the age of 6-12 months is excellent, with tender meat, well-developed muscles, gentle temperament, strong tolerance to rough feeding and strong resistance to stress. Conclusions The yellow cattle in Qichun Sanjiao Mountain has broad potential for development and utilization in terms of germplasm and meat production.
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