克氏原螯虾选育及大规格精品虾养殖试验
Breeding of Procambarus clarkii and farming of large-sized shrimp with top quality
目的 研发克氏原螯虾良种高效育苗技术,提高早繁秋苗供给能力。 方法 选择不同水系克氏原螯虾为亲本,构建不同水系克氏原螯虾后备育种群体,以未经选育的克氏原螯虾为对照组,以养殖生长速度和腹宽为选育目标,开展克氏原螯虾良种选育及秋苗早繁技术试验,采用养殖水体精准调控进行大规格精品虾养殖,统计收获时体重、整齐度和成活率等指标。 结果 筛选出生长速度较未对照组快12.26%的优质品种,每667 m2均培育体长3~5 cm虾苗65.67 kg;每667 m2均生产商品虾产量115 kg,其中大规格(35 g以上)精品克氏原螯虾比例占71.52%。虾稻共生示范区基本利润率较实施前提高17.34百分点。 结论 通过生态环境营造、科学投喂等,解决了克氏原螯虾养殖密度高造成水质恶化、克氏原螯虾生长慢、规格小、易暴发疫病的问题。
Objectives The efficient techniques of breeding shrimp fry of elite varieties of Procambarus clarkii were developed to improve the supply capacity of early reproduction of autumn shrimp fry. Methods Procambarus clarkii in water systems was used as parents to construct the backup populations for breeding. Experiments on breeding elite varieties of Procambarus clarkii and early reproduction of autumn shrimp fry were conducted with unbred Procambarus clarkii as the control group and the growth rate and abdominal width of farming as objectives of breeding. The precise regulation of the farming water body was used to farm the large-sized shrimp with top quality. Indexes including the weight, neatness, and survival rate at harvest were calculated. Results Elite varieties of Procambarus clarkii with a growth rate 12.26% faster than that in the non-control group were selected, and 65.67 kg of shrimp fry with a body length of 3-5 cm were farmed in each 667 m2. The average production of commercial shrimp was 115 kg per 667 m2, of which 71.52% were large-sized (over 35 g) Procambarus clarkii with top quality. The basic profit margin of the rice-shrimp symbiosis demonstration area increased by 17.34 percentage points compared to before implementation. Conclusions The problems of high farming density causing deterioration of water quality, slow growth rate, small size, and easy outbreaks of epidemic Procambarus clarkii diseases have been solved with measures including the creation of ecological environment and scientific feeding.
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