云南省德宏州某规模化养鸡场环境细菌的调查研究
Investigation on environmental bacteria in a large-scale chicken farm in Dehong Prefecture, Yunnan Province
目的 掌握某规模化养鸡场环境中细菌的分布特征,为防控细菌性疾病和优化养殖管理提供依据。 方法 2024年3月18日,采集云南德宏州某规模化鸡场环境样本共240份,包括饮用水130份、土壤60份和空气50份。采用平板培养法计数细菌菌落,对典型或可疑菌落进行分离纯化,通过革兰氏染色镜检及菌落特征分析完成菌种鉴定。 结果 该鸡场饮用水、污水、土壤和空气中细菌总数平均值分别为(0.10~22.0)×10² CFU/mL、(5.80~43.0)×105 CFU/mL、(9.40~28.0)×10² CFU/g和(5.70~9.83)×10³ CFU/m³;主要菌种包括葡萄球菌、链球菌、沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌、芽孢杆菌和变形杆菌等。 结论 该鸡场整体环境卫生状况基本符合国家畜禽养殖相关卫生标准,但仍存在一定的条件致病菌污染风险,建议持续加强环境消毒与生物安全管理,以降低细菌性疾病的发生几率。
Objectives The distribution characteristics of environmental bacteria in a large-scale chicken farm were investigated to provide a basis for preventing and controlling bacterial diseases and optimizing the management of farming. Methods 240 environmental samples including 130 samples of drinking water, 60 samples of soil, and 50 samples of air were collected from a large-scale chicken farm in Dehong Prefecture, Yunnan Province on March 18, 2024. The plate culture method was used to count bacterial colonies. The typical or suspicious colonies were isolated and purified to be identified with Gram staining microscopy based on the characteristics of bacterial colonies. Results The average amount of bacteria in the drinking water, sewage, soil, and air of the chicken farm was (0.10-22.0)×10² CFU/mL, (5.80-43.0)×105 CFU/mL, (9.40-28.0)×10² CFU/g, and (5.70-9.83)×10³ CFU/m³, respectively. The predominant strains were Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Bacillus, and Proteus. Conclusions The overall environmental hygiene of the chicken farm basically met the national hygiene standards for livestock and poultry farming, but there was still a certain risk of contamination by pathogenic bacteria. It is recommended to continuously strengthen the environmental disinfection and the biosafety management to reduce the incidence of bacterial diseases.
| [1] |
江传杰,王岩,张玉霞.畜禽养殖业环境污染问题研究[J].河南畜牧兽医,2005,26(1):29-30. |
| [2] |
白献晓,马强.畜禽养殖场环境污染的现状与治理技术[J].兽医导刊,2007(8):7-10. |
| [3] |
陈亮.规模化肉种鸭场环境卫生指标菌的检测及与种鸭生产性能相关性研究[D].成都:四川农业大学, 2008. |
| [4] |
吴艳萍,姚学军,贾亚雄, |
| [5] |
朱蓓蓓.畜禽养殖中的环境污染及治理对策[J].甘肃畜牧兽医, 2016, 46 (23): 18. |
| [6] |
赵月,毕丁仁,李自力.鸡场土壤中大肠杆菌的检测与化学消毒剂的筛选[J].中国兽药杂志, 2013, 47(6):31. |
| [7] |
张鹤平.养殖场及其周围环境空气中细菌播散研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2005. |
| [8] |
叶小梅,常志州,陈欣, |
| [9] |
王静,步长英,孙瑞峰, |
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |