2023-2024年贵州省息烽县禽流感的监测与分析
袁林 , 张海 , 徐春志 , 蔺俐仲 , 袁标 , 胡安东 , 李志春
养殖与饲料 ›› 2025, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (10) : 67 -70.
2023-2024年贵州省息烽县禽流感的监测与分析
Monitoring and analysis of avian influenza in Xifeng County in Guizhou Province from 2023 to 2024
目的 为了解贵州省息烽县禽流感免疫效果和病原污染情况,评估疫情发生风险。 方法 采用血凝与血凝抑制试验和荧光定量PCR试验,对2023-2024年在11个乡(镇、街道)种畜场、规模养殖场和散养户采集的3 785份血清样本进行高致病性禽流感H5、H7亚型免疫抗体检测,家禽销售商户采集的523份病原学样本进行H5、H7、H9亚型病原核酸检测,并按照不同病种、不同年份、不同样本来源进行结果统计和分析。 结果 2023-2024年家禽高致病性禽流感H5、H7亚型免疫抗体合格率均达到农业农村部(70%以上)规定的要求,免疫抗体合格率由高到低依次是种畜场、规模场和散养户,2023年免疫抗体合格率分别比2024年高0.78、0.58百分点。样本中未检测到H5、H7亚型核酸阳性样本,存在不同程度的H9亚型污染,2023年H9亚型核酸阳性检出率比2024年低1.4百分点。 结论 息烽县家禽高致病性禽流感免疫效果较好,但是存在低致病性禽流感H9亚型污染。建议持续开展强制免疫、免疫抗体检测,加大病原学监测频率,及时预警预报和应急处置。
Objectives The immunization effect and pathogen contamination of avian influenza in Xifeng County was investigated and the risk of epidemic occurrence was assessed. Methods Hemagglutination and hemagglutination inhibition test and fluorescence quantitative PCR assay were used to detect the immune antibodies against highly pathogenic avian influenza H5 and H7 subtypes in 3 785 samples of serum collected from 11 township (town, street) livestock breeding stations, large-scale farms, and free-range households from 2023 to 2024. The nucleic acids of H5, H7 and H9 subtypes in 523 samples collected from poultry sales merchants were detected for H5, H7, and H9 subtype pathogenic nucleic acid. The results were statistically analyzed based on the types, years, and sample sources of diseases. Results The qualified rate of immune antibodies against highly pathogenic avian influenza H5 and H7 subtypes from 2023 to 2024 in poultry met the requirements set by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (over 70%). The qualified rate of immune antibodies ranked from high to low was in the order of livestock breeding stations, large-scale farms, and free-range households. The qualified rate of immune antibodies against highly pathogenic avian influenza H5 and H7 subtype in 2023 was 0.78% and 0.58% higher than that in 2024, respectively. No positive samples of H5 and H7 subtype were detected in the samples, but there was contamination of H9 subtype to varying degrees. The positive detection rate of H9 subtype nucleic acid in 2023 was 1.4 % lower than that in 2024. Conclusions The immunization effect of highly pathogenic avian influenza in poultry in Xifeng County is good, but there is contamination of low pathogenic avian influenza H9 subtype. It is recommended to continue the mandatory immunization and immune antibody detection, increase the frequency of monitoring pathogen, and provide timely measures including warning and emergency response.
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贵州省第八批千层次创新型人才培养项目(筑科合同-GCC-〔2024〕022)
贵州省科技计划项目“种鸡场多血清型耐药人畜共患致病菌的净化及防控技术研究”(黔科合支撑〔2024〕一般086)
贵阳市人才创新创业资助项目“蛋鸡禽流感部分血清型流行病学调查”(筑人才办合同字〔2015〕31号)
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