6种大熊猫食用竹叶的风味成分分析
The flavor components in leaves from six types of bamboo consumed by giant pandas
目的 探究大熊猫食用竹叶的风味成分差异,为大熊猫类珍稀动物的食物供给及遴选提供参考。 方法 通过电子鼻和气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)仪,分析6种(刺黑竹、冷箭竹、箬竹、苦竹、毛竹和孝顺竹)竹叶的挥发性风味物质,并通过风味活性值(OAV)比较各风味成分对不同竹叶总体风味的贡献程度。 结果 雷达图显示:6种竹叶在W1W(硫化物、萜烯类)、W1S(甲基类)、W2W(硫化物、萜烯类)、W2S(醇类、醛类、酮类)4个传感器的响应值存在明显差异;主成分分析(PCA)结果显示刺黑竹、苦竹和毛竹能与其他竹叶完全分开,冷箭竹、箬竹和孝顺竹存在部分重叠。GC-MS分析结果显示,从6种竹叶中共检测出155种挥发性成分。各竹叶检测到的风味物质种类数量为刺黑竹110种、苦竹90种、冷箭竹67种、毛竹71种、箬竹65种、孝顺竹59种。主要类别包括醇类、醛类、酮类、酯类、酸类、杂环类、萜类、酚类、烷烃等。共筛选出31种特征风味物质,各种竹叶的特征风味物质种类与贡献度不同。 结论 不同竹叶的风味特征差异显著,刺黑竹、苦竹和毛竹风味轮廓更为独特,这为大熊猫的食竹筛选与营养调控提供了直接参考。
Objectives The differences in flavor components of bamboo leaves consumed by giant pandas were studied to provide references for the food supply and selection of rare animals like giant pandas. Methods An electronic nose and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyzer were used to analyze the volatile flavor compounds in leaves from six types of bamboo including prickly Black Bamboo, Cold Arrow Bamboo, Nori Bamboo, Bitter Bamboo, Moso Bamboo, and Filial Piety Bamboo. The contribution of various flavor components to the overall flavor in leaves from different bamboo was compared with flavor activity value (OAV). Results Radar charts from electronic nose analysis showed that there were significant differences in the response value of leaves from six types of bamboo across four sensors including W1W (sulphides, terpenoids), W1S (methyl compounds), W2W (sulfides, terpene), and W2S (alcohols, aldehydes, ketones). The results of principal component analysis (PCA) showed that leaves of prickly Black bamboo, Bitter bamboo, and Moso bamboo were completely separated from leaves of other bamboo, while leaves of, Cold Arrow Bamboo, Nori Bamboo, and Filial bamboo showed partial overlap. The results of GC-MS analysis showed that a total of 155 volatile components were detected in the leaves from six types of bamboo. The number of flavor compounds detected in the leaves from each bamboo was as follows: 110 in prickly black bamboo, 90 in bitter bamboo, 67 in cold arrow bamboo, 71 in moso bamboo, 65 in nori bamboo, and 59 in filial bamboo. The main categories included alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, esters, acids, heterocyclic compounds, terpenoids, phenols, and alkanes. A total of 31 characteristic flavor compounds were screened, and the types and contributions of characteristic flavor compounds in leaves from various bamboo were different. Conclusions It is indicated that the characteristics of flavor in leaves from different bamboo vary significantly, with the profiles of flavor in leaves from prickly black bamboo, bitter bamboo, and moso bamboo being particularly unique. It will provide direct reference for screening bamboo consumed by giant pandas and regulating the nutrition of giant pandas.
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