贵州省铜仁地区基层兽医实验室动物疫病监测常见问题调查研究
袁子龙 , 林汉卿 , 邓华成 , 杨芳 , 陶沿竹
养殖与饲料 ›› 2025, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (11) : 42 -45.
贵州省铜仁地区基层兽医实验室动物疫病监测常见问题调查研究
Investigation and studies on common problems in animal disease surveillance in veterinary laboratories at grassroots in Tongren Area, Guizhou Province
目的 为提升基层兽医实验室动物疫病监测工作的质量和效率。 方法 以贵州省思南县动物疫控中心为核心,扩展调研铜仁市8个区(县)共9个基层兽医实验室,通过对42人进行问卷调查、观察352个现场操作关键点和分析2 021份检测报告收集数据,采用Excel进行基本统计分析,并运用层次分析法(AHP)对同层级因素进行两两比较,计算各项问题的相对权重。 结果 生物安全问题(总权重0.494 7)是当前最大瓶颈,突出表现为试验人员(以临时人员为主)未规范穿戴防护服/手套(权重0.329 8)和操作台面污染(权重0.164 9)。根源主要在于人员能力不足(尤以临时人员的专业技能与生物安全意识严重欠缺)和管理机制缺陷(培训覆盖率仅62.5%、监管不到位、记录追溯困难)。操作流程执行不到位(SOP执行偏差率18.8%)是人员能力不足和管理机制缺陷的直接体现。 结论 人员能力不足(聚焦临时人员)、管理机制缺陷(培训、监管、记录)和操作流程执行不到位是制约基层兽医实验室疫病监测质量提升的三大根本原因。据此,提出了聚焦“人员”与“管理”协同、经济可行且操作性强的优化策略。
Objectives The quality and efficiency of animal disease surveillance in veterinary laboratories at grassroots was to be improved. Methods Investigation was extended to 9 veterinary laboratories at grassroots in 8 districts (counties) of Tongren City, Guizhou Province, with the Animal Disease Control Center in Sinan County as the center. Data were collected through a questionnaire survey of 42 individuals, observation of 352 key on-site operational points, and analyses of 2021 testing reports. Excel was used to make basic statistical analysis. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to pairwise compare factors at the same level. The relative weight of each issue was calculated. Results The biosafety issues with a total weight of 0.494 7 were currently the biggest bottleneck, highlighted by the lack of standardized wearing of protective clothing/gloves by staff (mainly temporary staff) in laboratory (weighted 0.329 8) and the contamination of the operating table (weighted 0.164 9). The fundamental causes were primarily inadequate capabilities of staff (especially a severe lack of professional skills and awareness of biosafety among temporary staff) and deficiencies in management mechanisms (training coverage rate of only 62.5%, inadequate supervision, and difficulties in recording and tracing). The inadequate execution of Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) with a deviation rate of 18.8% was a direct reflection of inadequate capabilities of staff and deficiencies in management mechanism. Conclusions The three fundamental factors constraining the improvement in the quality of disease surveillance in veterinary laboratories at grassroots are the inadequate capacities of staff (focusing on temporary staff), the deficiencies in management mechanisms (training, supervision, recording), and the inadequate execution of operational procedures. An optimized strategy focusing on the synergy between " staff " and "management" with economic feasibility and strong operability is accordingly proposed.
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