牧草混播对青藏高原黑土滩样地植被生物量和土壤养分的影响
Effects of mixed planting of forage grasses on the biomass of vegetation and nutrients in the beach plots of black soil on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
目的 为探究青藏高原黑土滩的修复措施,保护青藏高原生态系统屏障安全。 方法 以垂穗披碱草(Elymus nutans)、冷地早熟禾(Poa crymophila)、星星草(Puccinellia tenuiflora)、中华羊茅(Festuca sinensis)和多年生黑麦草(Lolium perenne)5种牧草为试验材料,于2023-2024年开展不同牧草混播试验,测定黑土滩样地植被生物量和土壤养分,并采用灰色关联分析法进行综合评价。 结果 相比对照处理,牧草单播或混播均能显著增加黑土滩样地植被盖度、生物量和土壤养分(P<0.05)。4种牧草混播优于2种牧草混播和单播,筛选出较为优良的组合有垂穗披碱草+中华羊茅+星星草+多年生黑麦草,垂穗披碱草+冷地早熟禾+中华羊茅+星星草,垂穗披碱草+多年生黑麦组合。其中,播量分别为37.5、15.0、15.0、37.5 kg/hm2时,黑土滩样地牧草生物量、优良牧草生物量边际均值最大(918.81、908.05 g/m2),等权关联度值较高。 结论 综合考虑经济效益和建植成本,垂穗披碱草+中华羊茅+星星草+多年生黑麦草组合是黑土滩样地人工建植恢复的优良混播牧草组合。
Objectives The measures of restoring the beach plots of black soil on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau were studied to protect the security of the ecosystem barrier of the Qinghai- Tibet Plateau. Methods Five types of forage grasses including Elymus nutans, Poa crymophila, Puccinellia tenuiflora,Festuca sinensis and Lolium perenne were used for mixed planting of forage grasses from 2023 to 2024. The biomass of vegetation and nutrients in the beach plots of black soil were measured. The grey relational analysis method was used for comprehensive evaluation. Results Both monoculture and mixed planting of forage grasses significantly increased the coverage and biomass of vegetation, and nutrients in the beach plots of black soil (P<0.05) compared with the control treatment. The mixed planting of four types of forage grasses was better than the mixed planting of two types of forage grasses and monoculture. The combinations with better performance were screened out as Elymus nutans+Puccinellia tenuiflora+Festuca sinensis+Lolium perenne, Elymus nutans+Poa crymophila+Puccinellia tenuiflora+Festuca sinensis and Elymus nutans+Lolium perenne. Among them, the marginal mean dry weight of grass and excellent grass in the beach plot of black soil was the highest (918.81 g/m2 and 908.05 g/m2), and the equal weight correlation value was relatively high when the planting rate of Elymus nutans, Puccinellia tenuiflora, Festuca sinensis and Lolium perenne was 37.5, 15, 15, and 37.5 kg/hm2, respectively. Conclusions Taking into account both economic benefits and costs of artificial planting comprehensively, the combination of Elymus nutans +Puccinellia tenuiflora+Festuca sinensis is an excellent mixed planting of forage grasses for artificial restoration of the beach plots of black soil on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
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