中药-菌酶协同发酵桑叶生产无抗青贮饲料的工艺优化及其养殖应用
李海洲 , 饶百全 , 陈康 , 雷发亮 , 焦锋
养殖与饲料 ›› 2026, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (01) : 46 -52.
中药-菌酶协同发酵桑叶生产无抗青贮饲料的工艺优化及其养殖应用
Optimizing the technology of producing antibiotic-free silage from mulberry leaves via synergistic fermentation of traditional Chinese medicine-enzyme and its application in animal husbandry
目的 为缓解饲料资源短缺与抗生素滥用问题,探索以蛋白桑与中药材协同发酵生产无抗青贮饲料的新途径,实现“减粮”与“减抗”的双重目标。 方法 采用复合菌酶制剂(植物乳杆菌+枯草芽孢杆菌+纤维素酶+木聚糖酶)配伍黄芪、金银花等中药,对蛋白桑进行协同发酵。以pH值、乳酸含量及霉菌数量为主要指标评价发酵品质。通过养殖试验(猪60头养殖90 d、山羊40只养殖120 d)评估其对猪和山羊生长、健康及肉品质的影响。 结果 该技术使青贮pH降至4.0,乳酸含量提升37.1%,粗蛋白保存率达95.1%。养殖结果显示:试验组猪和山羊的平均日增重均优于对照组;猪腹泻率和呼吸道疾病发生率均降低46.8%,山羊疾病总发病率降低47.4%,且猪肠道健康显著改善。同时,猪肉眼肌面积提高48.49%,背膘厚度与蒸煮损失显著降低,肉品质全面提升。 结论 蛋白桑与中药材协同发酵技术可生产优质无抗饲料,能有效替代豆粕、促进动物健康并改善肉质。
Objectives A new approach to produce antibiotic-free silage via synergistic fermentation of forage mulberry and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) was studied to achieve the dual goals of "reducing grain" and "reducing antibiotics" and alleviate the shortage of feed resources and the abuse of antibiotics. Methods Forage mulberry was subjected to synergistic fermentation of TCM including Huangqi and honeysuckle in combination with a composite bacterial enzyme preparation consisted of Lactobacillus plantarum + Bacillus subtilis + cellulase + xylanase. The quality of fermentation was evaluated based on main indexes including the pH value, the content of lactate, and the quantity of mold. The effects of the quality of fermentation on the growth, health, and meat quality of pigs and goats were evaluated through experiments of farming 60 pigs for 90 days and 40 goats for 120 days. Results The developed technology reduced the pH of silage to 4.0, increased the content of lactate by 37.1%, and had a preservation rate of crude protein up to 95.1%. The average daily weight gain of pigs and goats in the experimental group was better than that in the control group. The incidence of diarrhea and respiratory diseases in pigs and the total incidence rate of goat diseases decreased by 46.8% and 47.4%, with the significant improvement in the intestinal health of pigs. Meanwhile, the area of eye muscle in pork increased by 48.49%, the backfat thickness and cooking loss were significantly reduced, and the meat quality was comprehensively improved. Conclusions The technology of synergistic fermentation with forage mulberry and traditional Chinese medicine can produce antibiotic-free feed with high-quality, which can effectively replace soybean meal, promote the health of animals, and improve the quality of meat.
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