德宏高峰牛人工诱导发情一胎双犊技术研究
徐绍宏 , 张得康 , 王嵌 , 尹以昌 , 陈伟 , 梁杰 , 周盛雍 , 张继才
养殖与饲料 ›› 2026, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (02) : 1 -4.
德宏高峰牛人工诱导发情一胎双犊技术研究
Technology of artificial induction of estrus and twin calf in Dehong Hump cows
目的 为解决德宏高峰牛自然繁殖效率低和品种退化的问题,建立适配该品种的一胎双犊技术体系,提升养殖经济效益。 方法 选择年龄为4~8岁、体重350 kg以上且胎次为1~4胎经产的德宏高峰牛母牛57头分为试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组,母牛头数分别为23、20和14。参试母牛分别应用外源激素(CIDR、FSH、PG)人工诱导发情,实施一胎双犊技术,对配种后母牛的发情、受胎、产犊情况进行统计。对照组(自然发情配种)共计108头,仅统计产双胎母牛数。 结果 试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组的同期发情率分别95.6%、95%、92.8%,双胎率分别是21.7%、20.0%和21.4%。3组试验组累计受胎40头、产犊56头,平均繁殖率98.2%,平均双胎率21%,均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。 结论 该技术对获得双犊、提高母牛繁殖率是可行的,但怀胎超2头,早产和流产风险增加,其原因有待进一步论证。
Objectives To improve the issue of low natural reproduction efficiency and breed degradation of Dehong Hump cows, a twin-birth technology system suitable for this breed was established to improve the economic benefits of breeding. Methods 57 Dehong Gaofeng cows aged 4-8 years, weighing over 350 kg, with parity of 1-4 were divided into three groups. The number of cows in the experimental group Ⅰ,Ⅱ, and Ⅲ was 23, 20, and 14, respectively. The cows were artificially induced to estrus with exogenous hormones including CIDR, FSH, PG and subjected to single-calving twin technology. The estrus, conception, and calving conditions of the cows after mating were statistically analyzed.The control group (natural estrus mating) consisted of 108 cows, and only the number of cows with twin births was recorded. Results The rates of synchronized estrus in the three groups were 95.6%, 95%, and 92.8%, respectively, and the twin birth rates were 21.7%, 20.0%, and 21.4% respectively.The three experimental groups had a total of 40 conceptions and 56 calves, with an average reproduction rate of 98.2% and an average twin birth rate of 21%, both significantly higher than the control group (P<0.05). Conclusions This technology is feasible for achieving twin births and increasing the reproductive rate of cows, but carrying more than two calves increases the risk of premature birth and miscarriage, which requires further investigation.
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