圈养玉米锦蛇的冬化处理对行为节律与繁殖性能的影响
Effects of brumation of on the daily behavioral rhythm and reproduction performance of captive corn snakes
目的 明确冬化对圈养玉米锦蛇行为节律及繁殖性能的影响,为玉米锦蛇的人工繁育提供科学依据。 方法 以重庆市动物园12条玉米锦蛇(6♂6♀)为试验对象,分为冬化组(4♂4♀)和非冬化组(2♂2♀)开展对比研究。冬化组依次经历入冬准备期(饲养温度由28 ℃逐步降至13 ℃)、冬化期(恒温13 ℃)和出冬期(饲养温度由13 ℃升至28 ℃)3个阶段,非冬化组全程维持28 ℃恒温饲养。采用目标动物取样法与连续记录法收集玉米锦蛇行为数据,采用SPSS 21.0软件进行行为差异性检验,同时记录交配、产卵、孵化等繁殖指标。 结果 冬化组雌雄个体在入冬准备期和出冬期的日活动时长(雄性1.59、1.88 h;雌性1.00、1.10 h)显著高于冬化期(雄性0.13 h、雌性0.07 h),且均高于非冬化组(雄性0.39 h、雌性0.56 h);冬化组雌雄在入冬准备期、出冬期及非冬化组雌性均在09:00-13:00最为活跃,冬化组雌雄各阶段行为节律存在显著差异(P<0.05),且与非冬化组对应性别差异显著(P<0.05);冬化组4对配对均完成交配,产卵数10~15枚,受精率0%~100%,孵化率100%;非冬化组1对完成交配,产卵14枚,受精率71.43%,孵化率50%。 结论 冬化处理可显著影响玉米锦蛇的行为节律,且在孵化率方面表现更优。
Objectives The effects of brumation on the behavioral rhythm and reproduction performance of captive corn snakes (Pantherophis guttatus) were studied to provide a scientific basis for the artificial breeding of corn snakes. Methods 12 corn snakes including 6 males and 6 females from Chongqing Zoo were divided into a brumation group containing 4 males and 4 females and a non- brumation group containing 2 males and 2 females for a comparative analysis. Snakes in the brumation group experienced three stages in sequence including pre-winter preparation period with rearing temperature decreasing from 28 ℃ to 13 ℃ gradually, brumation period with constant temperature of 13 ℃, and post-winter period with feeding temperature gradually increasing from 13 ℃ to 28 ℃. Snakes in the non-brumation group was reared at a constant temperature of 28 ℃ throughout the experiment. The behavioral data of corn snakes were collected with the focal animal sampling method and continuous recording method. SPSS 21.0 software was used to test the differences in behavior. Indexes of reproduction including mating, oviposition, and hatching were recorded. Results The daily activity duration of male and female snakes in the brumation group during the pre-winter preparation period and post-winter period (males: 1.59 h, 1.88 h; females: 1.00 h, 1.10 h) was significantly higher than that during the brumation period (males: 0.13 h; females: 0.07 h), and both were higher than those in the non-brumation on group (males: 0.39 h; females: 0.56 h). Male and female snakes in the brumation group during pre-winter preparation and post-winter periods and female snakes in the non-brumation group were most active from 09:00 to 13:00. There were significant differences in the behavioral rhythms of male and female snakes in the brumation group at various stages (P<0.05), and the differences in corresponding gender were significant compared to that in the non-brumation group(P<0.05). All 4 pairs of snakes in the brumation group completed mating, laying 10-15 eggs per pair, with a fertilization rate of 0%-100% and a hatching rate of 100%. Only 1 pair of snakes in the non-brumation group completed mating, laying 14 eggs, with a fertilization rate of 71.43% and a hatching rate of 50%. Conclusions brumation can significantly affect the behavioral rhythm of corn snakes, with better performance in hatching rate.
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