贵州省饲料销售中企业直销与经销商推广渠道绩效的实证比较
Empirical comparison of the channel performance of enterprise direct sales and dealer promotion in feed sales in Guizhou Province
目的 研究企业直销与经销商推广在贵州省饲料销售中的渠道绩效差异,为饲料企业优化营销策略提供实证依据。 方法 以贵阳、遵义、安顺、黔南等地区的12家饲料企业与36家经销商为样本,基于2022年销售数据、客户调研问卷与访谈资料,构建市场覆盖率、渠道成本率、客户复购率、单位产品毛利等四维度指标体系,采用Stata 16.0开展定量分析。 结果 经销模式覆盖率为85%,客户以散户为主;直销模式覆盖率30%,聚焦规模养殖户。直销模式单位渠道成本为455.3元/t,经销为846.1元/t。直销客户复购率为93%,毛利率为26%~29%;经销客户流失率为15%,毛利率为12%~14%。 结论 直销模式具备成本控制、利润集中与客户黏性优势,经销模式则具有网络弹性与抗波动能力。2种渠道在服务响应、风险应对等方面呈现结构互补特征,建议企业结合客户结构选择最优渠道组合策略。
Objectives The differences in channel performance between enterprise direct sales and dealer promotion in feed sales in Guizhou Province were studied to provide empirical evidence for optimizing marketing strategies for feed enterprises. Methods A four-dimensional indicator system was constructed based on sale records, customer survey questionnaires, and interview materials including the coverage of market, cost rate of channel, repurchase rate of customer, and gross margin from 12 feed enterprises and 36 dealers in Guiyang, Zunyi, Anshun, Qiannan, and other regions in 2022. Stata 16.0 was used to conduct quantitative analyses. Results The coverage rate of the dealer promotion was 85%, mainly of small farmers. The direct sales had a coverage rate of 30% and focused on large-scale farmers. The unit channel cost of the direct sales and the dealer promotion was 455.3 RMB/t and 846.1 RMB/t. The repurchase rate of customers in direct sales was 93%, with the gross margin of 26% to 29%. The attrition of customer in dealer promotion was 15%, with the gross margin of 12% to 14%. Conclusions The direct sales has the advantages of cost control, profit concentration, and customer loyalty, while the dealer promotion has the resilience in network and the resistance to fluctuations. The two channels are complementary in terms of service response and risk response. It is recommended that enterprises choose the strategy with optimal combination of channel based on the structure of customer.
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