云南省通海县梅花鹿口蹄疫免疫防控现状调查及接种技术优化
Investigation on the situation of immunoprophylaxis of foot-and-mouth disease in sika deer and optimization of vaccination protocols in Tonghai County, Yunnan Province
目的 为强化云南省通海县梅花鹿口蹄疫免疫防控薄弱环节,提出规范化的免疫策略与可操作的实施方案,保障当地梅花鹿养殖产业的健康发展。 方法 2024年,以通海县内20家梅花鹿养殖场(存栏484头)及相应村级防疫员为调查对象,采用问卷调查、现场核查、座谈交流相结合的方式开展调查,统计养殖场的基本信息、存栏数量、免疫实施情况(免疫户数、免疫频次、接种方式)、混养情况、疫苗储存与接种操作规范性等数据,并向养殖场主和防疫员了解免疫技术难点及需求,提出对应免疫优化技术体系。 结果 通海县梅花鹿的口蹄疫免疫现状存在免疫覆盖率低(50%)、混养比例高(35%)、免疫频次不足(95%)、保定与接种操作不规范等问题,基于此,本文提出了分情况保定技术+规范化免疫接种程序+疫苗精细化管理+免疫应急处置措施的口蹄疫免疫优化技术体系。 结论 口蹄疫免疫优化技术体系贴合家庭散养模式与梅花鹿养殖特性,兼具规范性与可操作性,可为西南山区同类养殖模式的口蹄疫防控提供技术支撑。
Objectives The standardized strategies for immunization and feasible plans of implementation were proposed to strengthen the weak links in the immunoprophylaxis of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in sika deer (Cervus nippon) in Tonghai County, Yunnan Province and safeguard the healthy development of the local industry of farming sika deer. Methods 20 farms of sika deer (484 in stock) and corresponding village-level veterinary workers in Tonghai County were surveyed with a combination of questionnaire surveys, on-site inspections, and discussions in 2024. Data on basic information, stock population, the situation of implementing immunization including the number of immunized households, the frequency of immunization and the methods of vaccination, situation of mixed-farming, vaccine storage, and standardization of vaccination procedures were statistically analyzed. The technical bottlenecks and demands related to immunization were interviewed with farm owners and veterinary workers, and a corresponding optimized immunization technology system was proposed. Results There were problems including low coverage of immunization (50%), high proportion of mixed farming (35%), insufficient frequency of immunization (95% of farms failed to meet the recommended frequency), and non-standard vaccination procedures in immunoprophylaxis of FMD in Sika Deer in Tonghai County. An optimized technology system for FMD immunization consisted of situation-specific restraint techniques, standardized immunization protocols, refined vaccine management, and immunization emergency response measures was proposed. Conclusions The optimized technology system for FMD immunization is in line with the model of scattered farming based on family and the farming characteristics of sika deer, with both standardization and feasibility. It will provide technical support for the prevention and control of FMD in similar models of farming in mountainous areas of Southwest China.
| [1] |
刘源.农业农村部公布《国家畜禽遗传资源目录》[J].中国畜牧业,2020(12):16. |
| [2] |
中华人民共和国农业农村部. 口蹄疫接种技术规范:NY/T 1955-2010 [S].北京:中国农业出版社,2010. |
| [3] |
王旭东.浅析动物免疫接种失败的原因及应对措施[J].吉林畜牧兽医,2023,44(6):165-166. |
| [4] |
余泓.动物疫苗免疫接种方法的科学应用[J].吉林畜牧兽医,2022,43(4):111-112. |
| [5] |
苏春逵.山区动物疫病防控的难点与对策措施[J].中国畜牧兽医文摘,2016,32(3):111. |
| [6] |
吕见涛,陈法荣,杨玉澜, |
| [7] |
郭爱莹.羊口蹄疫的免疫程序优化与疫情应急处置措施[J].畜牧业环境,2025(11):61-62. |
| [8] |
郭冬生.特种经济动物梅花鹿的生物学特性与养殖技术研究[J].湖南文理学院学报(自然科学版),2020,32(4):55-59. |
| [9] |
李志美.畜禽免疫应激反应及预防措施[J].中国畜禽种业,2019,15(8):68. |
| [10] |
宋延来.梅花鹿养殖疫病防控综合措施[J].吉林畜牧兽医,2024,45(8):133-135. |
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |