2024年贵州省思南县动物疫病监测与防控风险分析
Results of monitoring animal diseases and risks of prevention and control in Sinan County, Guizhou Province in 2024
目的 科学评估2024年贵州省思南县重大动物疫病流行风险与免疫状况,识别防控薄弱环节,为优化防控策略提供依据。 方法 对思南县4 538份血清学样本(涉及13种疫病)和3 297份病原学样本(涉及8种疫病)进行检测,结合省外引进牛布鲁氏菌病及口蹄疫免疫专项评估数据,系统分析当前疫病防控成效与存在问题。 结果 思南县重大动物疫病整体防控形势稳定,猪瘟、新城疫、高致病性猪蓝耳病及狂犬病免疫合格率均高于95%,群体免疫屏障基本建立,但仍存在以下风险:①流通环节病毒污染风险,非洲猪瘟环境样本疑似阳性率为0.10%(交易市场),禽流感H5亚型环境样本疑似阳性率达8.47%;②外源疫病输入风险,省外引进牛布鲁氏菌病抗体阳性率为0.27%;③免疫保护不足,猪O型口蹄疫和羊小反刍兽疫抗体合格率分别为76.24%、79.46%。 结论 当前思南县动物疫病防控的关键风险集中于流通环节生物安全管控、外源疫病输入及部分疫病免疫水平不足,建议从加强流通监管、严格引种检疫、优化免疫程序等方面实施精准防控,保障畜牧业生产与公共卫生安全。
Objectives The epidemic risks and immune status of major animal diseases in Sinan County, Guizhou Province in 2024 were scientifically assessed and weaknesses in prevention and control were identified to provide a basis for optimizing strategies for the prevention and control of animal diseases. Methods 4 538 serological samples (involving 13 diseases) and 3 297 etiological samples (involving 8 diseases) collected across Sinan County, Guizhou Province in 2024 were tested. The current effectiveness and existing problems in the prevention and control of diseases were systematically analyzed based on the special evaluation data on brucellosis and immunity to foot-and-mouth disease in cattle introduced from other provinces. Results The overall situation of the prevention and control of major animal diseases in Sinan County was stable, with the rate of immunization qualification for classical swine fever, Newcastle disease, highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), and rabies all exceeding 95%, indicating that a herd immunity barrier was essentially established. However, there are still the following risks including the risk of virus contamination in the chain of circulation, with a suspected positive rate of 0.10% for environmental samples of African swine fever (in the trading market) and 8.47% for environmental samples of avian influenza H5 subtype, the risk of introduced diseases from external sources with a positive rate of 0.27% for antibodies against bovine brucellosis introduced from outside the province, and the insufficient immune protection with the qualified rate of antibodies against swine foot-and-mouth disease (Type O) and peste des petits ruminants in sheep of 76.24% and 79.46%, respectively. Conclusions The key risks of the prevention and control of animal diseases in Sinan County currently focus on biosafety control in the process of circulation, introduction of exotic diseases, and insufficient immunity to some diseases. It is recommended to implement measures for the precise prevention and control of animal diseases by strengthening circulation supervision, enforcing strict quarantine for introduced animals, and optimizing immunization programs to ensure the safety of livestock production and public health.
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