湖北省西门塔尔与夏洛来繁殖母牛产双胎的性状分析
Twin birth traits of Simmental cows and Charolais cows at a farm in Hubei Province
目的 为探究繁殖母牛产双胎的影响因素及犊牛生长发育规律,提升母牛的繁殖性状和生产性能。 方法 以湖北省某肉牛核心育种场西门塔尔和夏洛来繁殖母牛为研究对象,收集该场2021-2024年共1 586条生产数据,包括生长指标和繁殖性能等,采用SPSS 24.0软件进行描述性统计分析。 结果 夏洛来牛双胎率为3.7%,高于西门塔尔牛(2.2%),双胎集中于2~3胎次,累计占比86.4%,且产双胎母牛均为非本场自繁群体,提示品种、胎次及母牛来源是双胎发生的影响因素;双胎存活率为84.09%,两品种双胎妊娠天数相近。繁殖性能方面,西门塔尔母牛双胎难产率、胎衣不下发生率均低于夏洛来母牛,但夏洛来双胎犊牛在自然吃初乳方面表现更优。生长发育方面,两品种双胎犊牛出生体重均偏低,西门塔尔双胎牛在出生、断奶及6月龄阶段的体重与体尺发育水平均优于夏洛来双胎牛,其中断奶期体重差异极显著(P<0.01),6月龄体重差异显著(P<0.05)。 结论 西门塔尔牛在繁殖性能与双胎犊牛早期生长方面更具优势,品种、胎次及母牛来源可作为肉牛双胎性状生产管理的重点调控因素。
Objectives The factors affecting twin production in breeding cows and the patterns of growth and development of calves were studied to improve the reproduction traits and production performance of cows. Methods Simmental cows and Charolais cows at a core breeding farm for beef cattle in Hubei Province were used to collect 1586 production data including growth indexes and reproduction performance from 2021 to 2024. SPSS 24.0 software was used to conduct descriptive statistical analysis of the data. Results The twin birth rate of Charolais cows was 3.7%, higher than that of Simmental cows (2.2%). Twins were concentrated in the 2nd to 3rd parity, accounting for 86.4% of total births. All cows producing twins were non-homebred, indicating that the breed, parity, and origin of cow are factors affecting the twin births. Twin survival rate was 84.09%, with similar gestation lengths for twins across breeds. In terms of reproduction performance, Simmental cows had lower rates of dystocia and retained placenta compared to Charolais cows, but twin calves from Charolais had superior natural intake of colostrum. In terms of growth and development, both breeds had low birth weights for twin calves. Simmental twins had superior weight and body measurements at birth, weaning, and 6 months of age compared to Charolais twins. The difference in weight during weaning was extremely significant(P<0.01),and the difference in weight at 6 months of age was significant (P<0.05). Conclusions Simmental cows have advantages in reproduction performance and early growth in twin calves. The breed, parity, and origin of cow can be key factors affecting the production and management of twin birth traits in beef cattle.
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