化肥与有机肥配施对饲用燕麦产量及营养品质的影响
郑海英 , 刘殿鹏 , 崔志伟 , 吴佳琦 , 高星 , 程涛 , 李晓达 , 申嘉雯
养殖与饲料 ›› 2026, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (04) : 38 -42.
化肥与有机肥配施对饲用燕麦产量及营养品质的影响
Effects of combined application of chemical and organic fertilizers on the yield and nutritional quality of forage oats
目的 明确牛粪有机肥与化肥配施对科尔沁沙地饲用燕麦产量形成及营养品质的调控效应,筛选兼顾高产与优质的区域化肥料组合方案。 方法 以科尔沁沙地饲用燕麦为研究对象,采用随机区组设计,设置单施化肥(CK)及化肥配施4个梯度牛粪有机肥(500、1 000、1 500、2 000 kg/667 m²)5个处理,测定饲用燕麦乳熟后期农艺性状(株高、茎粗、旗叶长、旗叶宽)、生物产量(鲜草产量、干草产量)和营养品质(粗蛋白、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、粗灰分和淀粉)。 结果 有机肥施用量显著影响饲用燕麦的生长和品质指标。随着有机肥用量的增加,燕麦株高和茎粗呈持续增长趋势,其中T4处理(2 000 kg/667 m²)表现最优,较CK分别显著提高15.88%和16.22%。生物产量方面,鲜草和干草产量均呈现先升后降的变化规律,T3处理(1 500 kg/667 m²)达到峰值,较CK分别显著提高9.15%和15.07%。在营养品质方面,粗蛋白含量随有机肥用量增加而持续上升,T4处理达到最高值14.52%,较CK显著提高1.50百分点,但与其他处理间差异不显著。 结论 综合考虑饲用燕麦产量和营养品质,有机肥施用量为1 500 kg/667 m2,化肥施用量为复合肥30 kg/667 m2、氮钾肥40 kg/667 m2时,综合效果较好,可在当地推广应用。
Objectives The effects of combined application of cattle manure organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer on regulating the yield formation and nutritional quality of forage oats in the Horqin Sandy Land were studied to screen a scheme of regional fertilizer combination to balance the high yield and the high quality. Methods Forage oats in the Horqin Sandy Land were used to conduct a randomized block design with five treatments including single application of chemical fertilizer (CK) and four gradients of combined chemical fertilizer and cattle manure organic fertilizer including 500 kg/667 m² (T1), 1 000 kg/667 m²(T2), 1 500 kg/667 m²(T3), 2 000 kg/667 m²(T4). The agronomic traits including plant height, stem diameter, flag leaf length, flag leaf width, and biological yield including fresh grass yield, dry grass yield, and nutritional quality including the content of crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, crude ash, starch in forage oats at the stage of late milk were measured. Results The application amount of organic fertilizer significantly affected the growth and quality indexes of forage oats. The plant height and stem diameter of oats had a continuous increasing trend with the increase in organic fertilizer application. Among them, T4 performed the best, with a significant increase of 15.88% and 16.22% compared with CK, respectively. In terms of biological yield, the yield of fresh grass and dry grass had a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, with T3 reaching the peak, which was significantly higher than that in CK by 9.15% and 15.07%, respectively. In terms of nutritional quality, the content of crude protein continued to increase with the increase in the application of organic fertilizer, reaching a maximum of 14.52% in the T4 treatment, which was significantly higher than that in CK by 1.5%, but there was no significant difference compared with other treatments. Conclusions Considering both the yield and nutritional quality of forage oats, when the amount of organic fertilizer applied is 1 500 kg/667 m², and the amount of chemical fertilizer applied is 30 kg/667 m² of compound fertilizer and 40 kg/667 m² of nitrogen-potassium fertilizer, the overall effect is better and can be promoted and applied locally.
| [1] |
齐安银,曾庆晨,李颜秘, |
| [2] |
杨晶,刘文辉,梁国玲, |
| [3] |
石元亮,王玲莉,刘世彬, |
| [4] |
张福锁,张朝春,陈新平.高产高效养分管理技术创新与应用[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2017. |
| [5] |
|
| [6] |
刘昊,麻仲花,刘威帆, |
| [7] |
杨俊刚,邹国元,刘宝存.我国新型肥料发展近十年回顾与展望[J].现代化工,2024,44(11):6-11. |
| [8] |
农业部.农业部关于实施农业绿色发展五大行动的通知[J].中华人民共和国农业农村部公报,2017(5):8-10. |
| [9] |
|
| [10] |
|
| [11] |
唐继伟,林治安,许建新, |
| [12] |
李燕青,温延臣,林治安, |
| [13] |
张瑞福,陈玉,孙新丽, |
| [14] |
薛一凡.有机肥与化肥配施对陇中地区秋播小黑麦和夏播青贮玉米生产性能及土壤养分的影响[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2025. |
| [15] |
马雪融,钱一翰,闫晓旭, |
| [16] |
宋国英,边巴卓玛,刘国一.腐熟羊粪有机肥配施化肥对青稞田土壤肥力及产量的影响[J].华东师范大学学报(自然科学版),2025(4):77-83. |
| [17] |
杨胜.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,1993. |
| [18] |
张崇玉,张桂国,杨泉, |
| [19] |
吕丽华,姚海坡,曹志敏, |
| [20] |
刘强,穆兴民,王新民, |
| [21] |
李佳旺,邓雪,张译尹, |
| [22] |
曹海娟.化肥减量配施生物有机肥对小麦产量的影响[J].特种经济动植物,2025,28(5):31-34. |
| [23] |
杨园园,高志岭,王雪君.有机、无机氮肥施用对苜蓿产量、土壤硝态氮和温室气体排放的影响[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(3):822-828. |
| [24] |
李莎莎,杨曌,李红, |
| [25] |
|
| [26] |
聂胜委,张巧萍,潘秀燕, |
| [27] |
岳玉兰,马襄鸿,武俊男, |
通辽市科技计划项目“粪污资源化利用技术研究与示范”(TL2023YF005)
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |