非常规饲料资源在畜禽养殖中的应用研究进展
Progress on the application of unconventional feed resources in farming livestock and poultry
针对我国饲料原料短缺、人畜争粮矛盾加剧、豆粕和玉米进口依赖度高的行业痛点,本文梳理了非常规蛋白质饲料和能量饲料的资源类别与营养特性,分别阐述其在生猪、反刍动物、家禽养殖中的应用效果。我国非常规饲料资源丰富,但当前开发利用存在适口性差、抗营养因子多等问题,通过合理加工处理,可以改善其适口性、提高营养价值、提高畜禽消化利用率,促进其在畜禽生产中大规模应用。未来应加强资源数据库建设、加工工艺优化、提高精准配比等,实现废弃物资源化,缓解饲料压力,为推动畜牧业绿色可持续发展提供参考。
This article reviewed the categories of resource and nutritional characteristics of unconventional protein feed and energy feed, and elaborated on the application effects in farming pig, ruminant, and poultry in response to the pain points of industry including the shortage of feed raw materials, intensified conflicts between humans and livestock over food, and the high dependence on imports of soybean meal and maize. China has abundant resources of unconventional feed, and the application experiments in farming different livestock and poultry have shown significant economic benefits and ecological value. The costs of farming can be reduced and production performance of animals, meat quality, and environmental pollution can be improved through the scientific processing and reasonable ratio of unconventional feed. However, the current development and utilization problems such as poor palatability and excessive anti-nutritional factors require reasonable processing and treatment. In the future, efforts should be made to strengthen the construction of resource databases, optimize techniques of processing, and develop precise ratios to achieve the utilization of waste resource, alleviate feed pressure, and promote its large-scale application in livestock and poultry production.
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