云南省施甸县小农户肉牛养殖盈利模式分析
Analyzing the profit model for small-scale farmers farming beef cattle in Shidian County, Yunnan Province
目的 缓解南方山区小农户肉牛养殖规模小、效益低、风险高的困境,探索提升效益的可行路径。 方法 2022年1月-2025年10月,采用实地调研与典型案例分析相结合的方法对施甸县7个肉牛养殖重点乡镇进行调查,与52位相关人员深入交流,并结合该地区政策文件及统计资料,从组织化、生态化、良种化和精细化管理四个维度,剖析适度规模养殖、种养结合、品种改良及成本控制4种肉牛养殖模式的运行机制与效益。 结果 适度规模养殖模式:带动户均年增收约1.8万元;种养结合模式:饲草成本降低150~200元/t,化肥支出减少约2 250元/hm²,肉牛出栏周期缩短1~2个月;良种推广模式:每头牛的附加价值提升0.3万~1.0万元;成本控制模式:饲草本地化与统购统销等管理措施使综合养殖成本降低10%~30%。 结论 通过组织、技术与管理协同构建的复合型盈利模式,能有效纾解小农户的多维困境,实现经济与生态效益共赢,为同类地区产业升级提供参考。
Objectives The challenges including small scale, low profitability, and high risks faced by small-scale farmers farming beef cattle in southern mountainous areas were addressed to study feasible paths to improve economic returns. Methods A survey was conducted on the 7 key towns farming beef cattle in Shidian County, Yunnan Province with a combination of field research and case study analysis from January 2022 to October 2025. The operational mechanisms and benefits of four models of farming beef cattle including the moderate-scale farming, combination of planting and farming, variety improvement, and cost control were analyzed from four dimensions including organizational structure, ecological integration, high-quality farming, and refined management by in-depth communication with 52 relevant personnel, combined with policy documents and statistical data in the region. Results The moderate-scale farming model increased the annual income of farmers by approximately 18 000 yuan on average. The combination of planting and farming model reduced forage costs by 150-200 yuan per ton, decreased fertilizer expenses by about 2 250 yuan per hectare, and shortened the cattle fattening period by 1-2 months. The variety improvement model enhanced the added value per head by 3 000-10 000 yuan. The cost control model lowered overall costs of farming by 10%-30% through measures including local forage sourcing and centralized procurement and distribution. Conclusions A composite profitability model built through the synergy of organization, technology, and management can effectively alleviate the multidimensional challenges faced by small-scale farmers farming beef cattle to achieve a win-win outcome for both economic and ecological benefits. It will provide a reference for upgrading the industry of farming beef cattle in similar regions.
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