饲粮中添加发酵虻浆对仔猪生长性能及肠道菌群的影响
李志强 , 蒋硕匀 , 江承亮 , 沈珂薇 , 杨柱理 , 岳春雷 , 张志剑
养殖与饲料 ›› 2026, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (05) : 1 -8.
饲粮中添加发酵虻浆对仔猪生长性能及肠道菌群的影响
Effects of fermented black soldier fly larval paste on growth performance and gut microbiota dynamics in piglets
目的 研究黑水虻幼虫(Hermetia illucens L.)及其发酵制品的废弃资源饲料化与健康效应,为养猪业增产增效提供服务。 方法 选取断奶仔猪15头,平均分为3组,以老熟黑水虻幼虫为原料获得发酵虻浆,分别按饲料中添加0、2.5%、5.0%发酵虻浆,开展30 d饲喂试验,研究发酵虻浆对仔猪生长性能及其肠道菌群调控的影响。 结果 添加发酵虻浆2.5%和5.0%试验组仔猪单体平均增重率分别达到110%和105%,均显著高于对照组(未添加虻浆)仔猪99.7%的增重率,增重效益明显。添加发酵虻浆后,仔猪粪便中放线菌门、厚壁菌门、拟杆菌门和变形菌门等占主导,同时降低了放线菌门(密螺旋体菌属)的富集丰度,从而降低疾病发生风险。添加发酵虻浆组的仔猪粪便成形度显著改善,表明肠道消化吸收功能增强;结合肠道菌群结构变化,推测此效应与虻浆富含的抗菌肽、几丁质及发酵产物等优化肠道屏障与消化功能增强密切相关。 结论 新一代发酵虻浆通过定向富集仔猪肠道益生菌群(厚壁菌门、乳酸杆菌属)、优化免疫稳态,可实现仔猪增重,提高经济收益。
Objectives The utilization of waste resource as feed and health effects of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens L.) larvae were studied to provide services for increasing production and profitability in the pig industry. Methods Fifteen weaned piglets were selected and evenly divided into three groups.The matured black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) was used as raw material to obtain fermented BSFL paste. The effects of adding 0, 2.5%, and 5.0% fermented BSFL paste on the growth performance and gut microbiota of weaned piglets were investigated for 30 days. Results Adding 2.5% and 5.0% fermented BSFL paste resulted in an average weight gain rate of 110% and 105% for individual piglets, both significantly higher than that (99.7%) of piglet fed without fermented BSFL paste, indicating that there is a significant benefit of weight gain. Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria became the dominant phyla in the fecal of tested piglets supplemented with BSFL paste, while the enrichment abundance of Actinobacteria (Treponema) decreased, thereby reducing the risk of disease occurrence. The fecal consistency of piglets fed with BSFL paste significantly improved, indicating that the function of digestion and absorption is enhanced. Combined with changes in structure of microbial community in gut, it is speculated that this effect is closely related to the optimization of intestinal barrier and digestive function enhancement by the antibacterial peptides, chitin, and fermented products rich in the fermented BSFL paste. Conclusions The new generation fermented BSFL paste can achieve the weight gain by selectively enriching the gut microbiota (e.g. Firmicutes, Lactobacillus) in piglets and optimizing the homeostasis of immune. It will provide key technological support for the green farming of animal husbandry.
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国家自然科学基金项目(32171466)
国家自然科学基金项目(42377002)
浙江省重点研究计划项目(领雁类)(2026C02A1021)
浙江省重点研究计划项目(领雁类)(2022C02038)
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