2种处理方式对柑橘皮主要营养物质及卫生指标的影响
Effects of two processing methods on the main nutrients and hygiene indexes of citrus peel
目的 通过对柑橘皮的晾晒和青贮晾晒2种处理方式进行对比研究,为云南柑橘皮作为饲料添加剂的开发利用提供参考。 方法 2023年11月至2024年2月,收集云南市场上的柑橘皮(以橘和橙为主),对柑橘皮进行晾晒、青贮再晾晒2种处理,镜检不同处理方式下柑橘皮的结构变化,测定主要成分含量、农残、霉菌毒素等指标。 结果 与晾晒处理相比,青贮晾晒处理更能破坏柑橘皮的纤维结构,显著提高柑橘皮的粗蛋白含量(P<0.05),粗脂肪、粗灰分、粗纤维、钙、磷五项均有提高,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。晾晒处理、青贮晾晒处理均可降低柑橘皮的农残,青贮晾晒处理降低农残效果比晾晒处理效果好;晾晒处理、青贮晾晒处理的柑橘皮黄曲霉毒素B1、呕吐霉素、赤霉烯酮3项主要霉菌毒素含量均远低于饲料卫生标准值。 结论 青贮晾晒处理比晾晒处理能更好促进柑橘皮纤维分解,促进主要营养成分的释放,而且作为饲料添加剂在农残和霉菌毒素这两大卫生指标上是安全的。
Objectives Two processing methods for citrus peels including sun-drying and silage-sun-drying were compared to provide a scientific reference for the development and utilization of Yunnan citrus peel as a feed additive. Methods The citrus peels mainly included oranges and tangerines were collected from the market in Yunnan from November 2023 to February 2024 and processed with sun-drying and silage-sun-drying. Structural changes under the different process were examined with microscopy. The content of key nutritional components, pesticide residues, and major mycotoxins were determined. Results Silage-sun-drying more effectively destroyed the fibrous structure of citrus peel and increased the content of six main nutritional components including the crude protein (P<0.05), crude fat, crude ash, crude fiber, calcium, and phosphorus compared with sun-drying. Both processing methods reduced pesticide residues in the peel, with the silage-sun-drying method having a better effect. The content of three major mycotoxins including aflatoxin B1, deoxynivalenol, and zearalenone in citrus peel processed with two methods was far below the hygiene standard of feed. Conclusions Silage-sun-drying can better promote the decomposition of fibers in citrus peel and the release of major nutrients compared to sun-drying. Citrus peel processed by silage-sun-drying is safe for use as a feed additive in terms of the two critical hygiene indexes including pesticide residues and mycotoxins.
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云南省教育厅科学研究基金项目(2023J1842)
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