辽宁绒山羊现代遗传育种技术的应用研究进展
Progress on modern techniques of genetics and breeding for Liaoning cashmere goats
辽宁绒山羊作为我国特色绒肉兼用型重点畜禽遗传保护资源,在山羊绒产业及区域经济发展中具有重要作用,但其遗传育种技术水平仍有待提升。本文结合辽宁绒山羊养殖现状和传统育种技术的特点,讨论了全基因组选择技术、分子标记技术、基因编辑技术及SNP芯片技术等现代遗传育种技术的应用成果,“辽绒一号”5K液相育种芯片已用于原种核心群纯种与杂交个体精准鉴别;多胎基因平台适用于种羊场内高繁殖力核心群的快速选育;CRISPR-Cas9基因编辑技术一定程度上可实现对产绒性能、绒毛品质等方面的改良;SNP芯片可以对山羊个体或者种群的遗传变异实现高通量、高效率的鉴定和分析。现代遗传育种技术在辽宁绒山羊发展中具有巨大潜力,未来应通过技术研究和政策支持,进一步推动产业高效化、现代化发展。
Liaoning cashmere goats,as a key genetic resource of livestock and poultry with Chinese characteristics for both cashmere and meat,play an important role in the development of cashmere industry and regional economic.However,levels of technology for their genetics and breeding still need to be improved.This article discusses the achievements of applying modern techniques of genetics and breeding including whole-genome selection,molecular marker,gene editing,and SNP microarray on the basis of the current situation of farming Liaoning cashmere goat and traditional techniques for breeding.The "Liaoning Cashmere No.1" 5K liquid-phase breeding microarray has been used for precise identification of purebred and hybrid individuals in the core population of the original species.The multi-birth gene platform is applicable for the rapid selection and breeding of high-reproductive-rate core populations in breeding flocks.CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing technology can improve the yield of cashmere,wool quality,and production performance to some extent.SNP microarrays can achieve high-throughput and efficient identification and analysis of genetic variations in individual goats or populations.Modern techniques of genetics and breeding have demonstrated great potential in the development of Liaoning cashmere goats.Continuous studies on techniques and policy support are needed to provide support for promoting the efficient and modernized development of Liaoning cashmere goat industry.
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