盐碱地水体下红螯螯虾“棚塘接力”养殖模式的应用研究
王婷 , 蔡珲 , 吴桃 , 王浩 , 魏立君 , 徐鑫
养殖与饲料 ›› 2026, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (05) : 77 -80.
盐碱地水体下红螯螯虾“棚塘接力”养殖模式的应用研究
Application of the "shed-pond relay" aquaculture model for red claw crayfish under saline-alkaline water
目的 探讨盐碱地水体条件下红螯螯虾“棚塘接力”养殖模式的适应性与稳定性,为盐碱地区水产养殖模式优化提供试验依据。 方法 在内蒙古鄂尔多斯市盐碱地开展试验,将养殖过程划分为棚内培育和池塘养成两个阶段,对水体理化指标、虾体生长指标、行为特征及养殖绩效进行连续跟踪分析。 结果 棚内培育阶段,虾体体长和体重保持连续增长,成活率维持在较高水平(>90%);转塘后3~6 d内摄食强度评分由2.30提升至4.45,脱壳延滞率由10.42%降至4.28%,9~12 d内各行为指标趋于稳定;养殖过程中单位产量和商品规格逐月提升,单位产量最高达135.42 kg/667 m²,商品虾体重最高达37.05 g/尾,死亡率持续下降(2.34%降至0.63%)。 结论 “棚塘接力”模式在盐碱水体条件下实现了红螯螯虾不同生长阶段的有效衔接,具有良好的养殖稳定性与经济效益,适用于盐碱地区推广应用。
Objectives The adaptability and stability of the "shed-pond relay" aquaculture model for red claw crayfish under saline-alkaline water was studied to provide experimental basis for optimizing the aquaculture model in saline-alkali areas. Methods The experiment was conducted in the saline-alkaline area of Ordos City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. The aquaculture process was divided into 2 stages, shed aquaculture and pond aquaculture. Continuous tracking analysis was conducted on the physical and chemical indexes of water body, indexes of shrimp growth, behavioral characteristics, and the performance of aquaculture. Results The body length and weight of the shrimp continued to grow at the stage of shed aquaculture for 30 days, with the survival rate keeping at a high level (>90%). Within 3-6 days after transfer to the pond, the intensity score of feeding increased from 2.30 to 4.45, the delay rate of shell shedding decreased from 10.42% to 4.28%. All behavioral indexes tended to stabilize within 9-12 days. The unit yield and commercial specifications increased month by month during the process of aquaculture, with the highest unit yield reaching 135.42 kg/667 m² and the maximum weight of commercial shrimp reaching 37.05 g/individual. The mortality rate continued to decrease from 2.34% to 0.63%. Conclusions The "shed-pond relay" model effectively links the different stages of growth of red clawed crayfish under saline-alkaline water conditions, with good aquaculture stability and economic benefits, making it suitable for promotion and application in saline-alkaline areas.
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