贵阳市花溪区家畜口蹄疫抗体监测及分析
Monitoring and analysis of antibodies against foot-and-mouth disease in livestock in Huaxi District, Guiyang City
目的 调查贵阳市花溪区家畜口蹄疫疫苗的免疫效果,为当地口蹄疫防控工作提供科学参考。 方法 2023-2025年,在花溪区春秋两防动物防疫工作结束后,随机采集猪血清1 782份、牛血清477份,采用ELISA法检测口蹄疫O型(FMD-O)免疫抗体,并对不同养殖方式、不同季节猪的FMD-O抗体合格率进行差异分析;2024-2025年,随机采集猪血清545份、牛血清267份,采用ELISA法检测口蹄疫非结构蛋白3ABC抗体。 结果 2023-2025年,猪FMD-O抗体合格率分别为88.41%、90.71%、91.14%,呈逐年上升趋势;牛FMD-O免疫抗体合格率分别为100%、96.62%、98.61%,有不同程度的上下浮动;猪、牛口蹄疫非结构蛋白3ABC抗体检出率均为0,表明无野毒感染情况;商品代养殖场的FMD-O免疫合格率高于散养户,春季免疫合格率高于秋季,但差异均不显著(P<0.05)。 结论 2023-2025年,花溪区未发生口蹄疫疫情,猪、牛FMD-O群体免疫合格率均高于农业农村部标准(>70%),且未见口蹄疫野毒感染,动物防疫工作取得一定成效。
Objectives The immune efficacy of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccine in livestock in Huaxi District, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province was investigated to provide scientific reference for the local prevention and control of FMD. Methods 1 782 samples of porcine serum and 477 samples of bovine serum were randomly collected from Huaxi District from 2023 to 2025 after the completion of FMD vaccination at the spring and autumn. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect immune antibodies against type O foot-and-mouth disease (FMD-O). Comparative analysis was conducted on the qualified rate of FMD-O antibody in pigs under different modes and seasons of farming. 545 samples of porcine serum and 267 samples of bovine serum were randomly collected from 2024 to 2025 to detect antibodies against FMD non-structural protein 3ABC with ELISA. Results The qualified rate of antibody against FMD-O in pigs from 2023 to 2025 was 88.41%, 90.71%, and 91.14%, showing an upward trend year by year. The qualified rate of antibody against FMD-O in cattle from 2023 to 2025 was 100%, 96.62%, and 98.61%, with varying degrees of up and down fluctuations. The detection rate of antibodies against FMD non-structural protein 3ABC in pigs and cattle was 0, indicating no wild infection. The qualified rate of antibody against FMD-O in commercial farms was higher than that in backyard farms, with that in spring higher than that in autumn, but the differences were not significant (P<0.05). Conclusions There was no outbreak of FMD in Huaxi District from 2023 to 2025. The qualified rate of antibody against FMD-O in pigs and cattle exceeded the national standard set by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (>70%), and there was no wild infection of FMD, indicating that the prevention and control of animal diseases in Huaxi District, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province has achieved certain success.
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