不同胎次梅山猪的繁殖性能分析
Reproduction performance of Meishan sows with different parity
目的 明确不同胎次梅山猪的繁殖性能变化规律,为梅山猪种质资源高效利用和母猪群体结构优化提供了实践依据。 方法 2024-2025年在江苏省太仓市某梅山猪养殖场开展试验,以120头健康经产梅山母猪为研究对象,按照胎次分为初产(1胎)、中胎次(2~3胎、4~5胎)和高胎次(≥6胎)3组,母猪年龄为14~42月龄,体重为145~198 kg,在相同饲养管理条件下记录总产仔数、产活仔数、仔猪初生重及成活率等指标。 结果 梅山猪繁殖性能随胎次增加呈“上升-稳定-轻降”趋势。2~3胎和4~5胎母猪的总产仔数分别为(14.80±2.09)和(14.50±2.00)头,均显著高于1胎母猪的(12.10±1.81)头(P<0.05);产活仔数分别达到(13.90±1.93)和(13.60±1.78)头,断奶仔猪数分别为(12.70±1.82)和(12.50±1.69)头。2~3胎和4~5胎母猪断奶成活率分别为(94.60±2.46)%和(94.20±2.72)%,显著高于1胎母猪的(90.10±3.21)%(P<0.05)。≥6胎母猪各项繁殖指标略有下降,但整体仍保持较好繁殖能力。 结论 梅山猪在2~5胎阶段繁殖性能最优,兼具较高产仔力和良好仔猪成活率,适合作为核心繁殖群体。
Objectives The patterns of changes in reproduction performance of Meishan pigs with different parity were clarified to provide practical basis for efficiently utilizing Meishan pig germplasm and optimizing the population structure of sow. Methods 120 healthy Meishan sows aged 14-42 months and weighed 145-198 kg at a Meishan pig breeding farm in Taicang, Jiangsu Province, China were divided into primiparous (1st parity), middle-parity (2nd-3rd parity and 4th-5th parity), and high-parity (≥6th parity) groups according to parity from 2024 to 2025. Indexes including the total litter size, number of live-born piglets, birth weight of piglet, and survival rate were recorded and analyzed under the same conditions of feeding and management. Results The reproduction performance of Meishan sows had an "increase-stabilization-slight decline" trend with the increase of parity. The total litter size of sows in the 2nd-3rd parity and 4th-5th parity group was 14.80±2.09 and 14.50±2.00, respectively, both significantly higher than that in the 1st parity group (12.10±1.81)(P<0.05). The number of live-born piglets and the number of weaned piglets in the 2nd-3rd parity and 4th-5th parity group was 13.90±1.93 and 13.60±1.78, 12.70±1.82 and 12.50±1.69, respectively. The survival rate after weaning in the 2nd-3rd parity and 4th-5th parity group was (94.60±2.46)% and (94.20±2.72)%, both significantly higher than that in the 1st parity group(90.10±3.21)%(P<0.05).The reproduction indexes of sows in the high-parity (≥6th parity) group showed a slight decline, but they still maintained relatively good reproductive capacity overall. Conclusions Meishan sows in the 2nd-3rd parity and 4th-5th parity have the best reproduction performance, with both higher litter size and better survival rate of piglet, making them suitable as the core population for breeding.
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