挪威红牛×荷斯坦奶牛杂交代与荷斯坦奶牛的抗病力差异分析
Differences in the disease resistance between crossbred generation of Norwegian Red × Holstein cattle and Holstein cattle
目的 探究挪威红牛×荷斯坦奶牛杂交代乳肉兼用牛(挪荷牛)与荷斯坦奶牛(荷牛)在发生消化道疾病的情况下其抵抗力和转归时间的差异,为“乳肉兼用”背景下奶牛健康养殖与杂交改良提供依据。 方法 在相同环境、饲养管理条件下,随机选择1~3月龄、72~81 kg的犊牛各8头,16月龄、320~343 kg的后备牛各9头,1.7~6岁、410~692 kg的成母牛各9头,4~6岁、556~692 kg的干奶牛各9头,共计70头,采用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附试验,检测不同阶段2个品系牛血清中白介素、补体、干扰素、免疫球蛋白、主要组织相容性复合体(MHC)的含量,以及记录相同治疗条件下2个品系牛的转归情况。 结果 挪荷牛(犊牛、后备牛、成母牛、干奶牛,下同)血液白介素IL-2含量较荷牛分别平均高41.11%、45.49%、47.23%和39.91%,IL-6含量分别平均高45.15%、42.56%、46.98%和51.54%;挪荷牛血清补体C3含量较荷牛分别平均高29.47%、34.16%、23.58%和23.59%,C4含量分别平均高210.36%、215.84%、204.53%和200.23%,血清总补体CH50含量分别平均高65.83%、66.79%、53.64%和55.02%;感染后期,挪荷牛血清中干扰素IFN-γ含量较荷牛分别平均高486.22%、501.47%、496.21%和490.89%;挪荷牛血清中MHC含量较荷牛分别平均高712.94%、1 086.21%、1 281.08%和1 409.75%;挪荷牛临床转归时间较荷牛平均分别减少0.19、2.21、2.98和2.95 d。 结论 消化道疾病发病状态下,挪荷牛多项免疫相关细胞因子水平优于荷牛,表现出更强的抗病能力与更快的康复速度,可作为区域乳肉兼用奶牛杂交改良的优选品系。
Objectives The differences in the disease resistance and recovery time between Norwegian Red × Holstein crossbred dairy-beef cattle (hereinafter referred to as Nor-Hol cattle) and Holstein dairy cattle (hereinafter referred to as Holstein cattle) during the occurrence of diseases in digestive tract were studied to provide a basis for healthy dairy farming and crossbreeding at the context of "dual-purpose dairy-beef production." Methods 8 calves aged 1-3 months and weighted 72-81 kg, 9 heifers aged 16 months and weighted 320-343 kg, 9 adult cows aged 1.7-6 years and weighted 410-692 kg, and 9 dry cows aged 4-6 years and weighted 556-692 kg, totaling 70 animals, were randomly selected from each of the two cattle strains under the same conditions of environment, feeding, and management. A double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure the content of interleukins, complement components, interferons, immunoglobulins, and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) in the serum from two strains at different stages of growth. The clinical outcomes of the two strains under identical treatment conditions were recorded. Results The average increase in the content of IL-2 in the serum from calves, heifers, adult cows, and dry cows of Nor-Hol cattle was 41.11%, 45.49%, 47.23%, and 39.91% compared with that from Holstein cattle. The average increase in the content of IL-6 was 45.15%, 42.56%, 46.98%, and 51.54%, respectively. The average increase in the content of complement C3 was 29.47%, 34.16%, 23.58%, and 23.59%, respectively. The average increase in the content of C4 was 210.36%, 215.84%, 204.53%, and 200.23%, respectively. The average increase in the content of total complement CH50 was 65.83%, 66.79%, 53.64%, and 55.02%, respectively. The average content of IFN-γ and MHC in serum from Nor-Hol cattle at the late stage of infection was 486.22%, 501.47%, 496.21%, and 490.89%, 712.94%, 1086.21%, 1281.08%, and 1409.75% higher than that from Holstein cattle. The average clinical recovery time for Nor-Hol cattle was 0.19 days, 2.21 days, 2.98 days, and 2.95 days shorter than that for Holstein cattle. Conclusions The content of multiple immune-related cytokines in serum from Nor-Hol cattle under conditions of disease in digestive tract was higher compared with that in Holstein cattle, indicating that its disease resistance is stronger and its recovery is faster. The Nor-Hol cattle can be used as a preferred strain for crossbreeding of regional cattle with dual-purpose of dairy-beef.
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