不同口蹄疫病毒O型免疫抗体ELISA检测试剂盒的比对分析
胡立学 , 甘喆 , 李婷婷 , 张锦国 , 谢军 , 胡智斌 , 黄涛 , 金鑫
养殖与饲料 ›› 2026, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (07) : 6 -14.
不同口蹄疫病毒O型免疫抗体ELISA检测试剂盒的比对分析
Comparison of different ELISA kits for detecting immune antibodies against foot-and-mouth disease virus type O
目的 评价不同品牌口蹄疫病毒O型免疫抗体ELISA检测试剂盒的有效性,以确保实验室检测结果更加客观可靠。 方法 采集湖北省家畜血清样品108份,分别用GB/T 18935-2018《口蹄疫诊断技术》国家标准ELISA和8种ELISA试剂盒(包括阻断法、竞争法、间接法)进行口蹄疫病毒O型免疫抗体检测。以该标准方法的检测结果为标准,通过Kappa一致性检验、McNemar检验及诊断效能评价(特异性、敏感性、符合率和变异系数),比对分析8种商品试剂盒的检测效果。 结果 试剂盒A的综合检测性能与稳定性最优:敏感性为93.9%、特异性100%、符合率96.3%,变异系数(CV)=0%,Kappa值0.923,与标准检测法一致性极强。试剂盒C-2和E虽敏感性高(97.0%、95.5%),但特异性仅为47.6%和42.9%,假阳性率高达52.4%和57.1%。在不同物种(猪、牛、羊)血清检测中,各试剂盒表现差异显著。其中试剂盒A在各物种血清检测中均表现良好(牛、羊血清检测符合率均为100%,猪血清为91.7%)。 结论 不同品牌的商品化试剂盒检测效果存在差异,建议在实际监测工作中,以标准方法为参考,对商品化试剂盒进行一致性、差异性和诊断效能评价,将检测效果作为筛选试剂盒的首要考量因素,以确保实验室检测结果客观准确。
Objectives The diagnostic performance of different enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits for detecting immune antibodies against foot-and-mouth disease virus type O was evaluated to ensure that results of laboratory tests are more objective and reliable. Methods The ELISA method specified in GB/T 18935-2018 and 8 brands of commercial kits including blocking method, competitive method, and indirect method were used to detect immune antibodies against foot-and-mouth disease virus type O in the 108 samples of clinical serum collected from livestock in Hubei Province. With the results of the national standard method as the reference, the performance of the 8 commercial kits was compared through Kappa consistency test, McNemar test, and diagnostic performance indicators including the specificity, sensitivity, conformity rate, and coefficient of variation (CV). Results The comprehensive performance of detection and stability of kit A was the best, with the sensitivity of 93.9%, specificity of 100%, overall conformity rate of 96.3%, CV of 0%, a Kappa value of 0.923, highly consistent with the standard method of detection. Kits C-2 and E had high sensitivity of 97.0% and 95.5%, but their specificity was only 47.6% and 42.9%, with false positive rate as high as 52.4% and 57.1%, respectively. There were significant differences in the performance of each kit for detecting serum of different species including pig, cattle, and sheep, with kit A performing well across all species and achieving 100% conformity rate in both cattle and sheep, and 91.7% conformity rate in pig. Conclusions There are differences in the diagnostic performance of commercial kits from different brands. It is recommended to use standard methods as a reference in practical monitoring work to evaluate the consistency, difference, and diagnostic performance of commercial kits. The detection performance should be the primary consideration for screening kits to ensure that results of laboratory tests are objective and accurate.
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