水葫芦的活性成分及药理作用机制研究进展
徐炜琳 , 江紫淇 , 赖永盛 , 梁伟放 , 张在忠 , 蔡孟楷
养殖与饲料 ›› 2026, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (07) : 47 -51.
水葫芦的活性成分及药理作用机制研究进展
Progress on the active components and pharmacological mechanisms of Eichhornia crassipes
水葫芦(Eichhornia crassipes)作为典型的水生入侵植物,与水生生态系统之间存在复杂的相互作用,过度繁殖会破坏生态平衡、影响水体安全,但合理开发利用可实现生态与经济双重价值。本文以水葫芦的生物活性成分与药理作用为核心,综述其资源化利用潜力及相关作用机制。药理研究表明,水葫芦中所含的黄酮、多酚、核苷酸、氨基酸等活性成分可通过清除自由基、抑制脂质过氧化发挥抗氧化作用,通过抑制肥大细胞脱颗粒、调控NF-κB与MAPK通路实现抗炎抗敏作用,通过抑制真菌孢子增殖表现出抗菌活性,且以真菌抑制效果尤为显著。该植物来源广泛、成本低廉,在畜禽与水产养殖中可作为替代抗生素的新型兽药资源,契合绿色养殖与减抗替抗发展趋势,在兽药研发领域具有重要的开发与应用前景。
Eichhornia crassipes, as a typical aquatic invasive plant, has complex interactions with the aquatic ecosystem. The excessive reproduction of Eichhornia crassipes will damage the ecological balance and affect the water safety, but the reasonable development and utilization of Eichhornia crassipes can achieve dual values of ecology and economy. This article focused on the bioactive components and pharmacological effects of Eichhornia crassipes to review the potential for resource utilization of Eichhornia crassipes and the related mechanisms of action. The results of pharmacological studies showed that the bioactive components including flavonoids, polyphenols, nucleotides, and amino acids in Eichhornia crassipes can exert antioxidant effects by scavenging free radicals and inhibiting lipid peroxidation. They can achieve anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effects by inhibiting the degranulation of mast cell and regulating the NF-κB and MAPK pathways. They exhibit antibacterial activity by inhibiting the proliferation of fungal spores as well, with a particularly significant effect on inhibiting fungi. Eichhornia crassipes has a wide range of sources and low cost. It can be used as a new type of veterinary drug resource to replace antibiotics in livestock and aquaculture, which fits the development trend of green farming with the reduction and replacement of antibiotics. It has important prospects of development and application in researching and developing veterinary drugs.
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2023年度梅州市社会发展科技计划项目(2023B137)
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