微山湖河蟹与南美白对虾混养模式的研究
The polyculture mode of river crabs and Litopenaeus vannamei in Weishan Lake
目的 解决微山湖河蟹与南美白对虾传统单养模式下水体利用率低、病害多发等问题,推动渔业生态化转型。 方法 2025年3-11月,在微山湖西岸开展混养试验,设混养组(河蟹1 000只/667 m2、南美白对虾3 000只/667 m2)、河蟹单养组(1 200只/667 m2)、南美白对虾单养组(8 000只/667 m2)3个处理,每个处理2个重复,各处理池塘条件与管理措施一致,系统监测水质、虾蟹生长及经济效益指标。 结果 与河蟹单养组相比,混养组氨氮、亚硝酸盐、COD分别降低37.93%、41.67%、35.78%,溶解氧提高17.56%,河蟹成活率提升8.35百分点,差异均显著(P<0.05);与南美白对虾单养组相比,混养组氨氮、亚硝酸盐、COD分别降低41.94%、42.86%、35.84%,溶解氧提高18.91%,南美白对虾成活率提升8.72百分点,差异均显著(P<0.05)。混养组每667 m2产量为192.36 kg,较河蟹单养组、南美白对虾单养组分别显著提高25.23%、19.03%(P<0.05);混养组每667 m2平均净利润较河蟹单养组显著提高33.71%,较南美白对虾单养组显著提高292.32%。 结论 该混养模式实现了“一水两用、一地双收”,具有显著的生态与经济效益,适宜规模化推广。
Objectives The problems of low water use efficiency and frequent occurrence of diseases in the traditional monoculture mode of river crabs and Litopenaeus vannamei in Weishan Lake were solved to promote the ecological transformation of fisheries. Methods An experiment of polyculture was conducted on the west bank of Weishan Lake from March to November 2025. 3 treatments including polyculture (1 000 river crabs + 3 000 Litopenaeus vannamei per 667 m²), monoculture of river crabs (1 200 river crabs/667 m²), and monoculture of Litopenaeus vannamei (8 000 Litopenaeus vannamei/667 m²) were set up, with two replicates for each treatment. The water quality, growth performance of river crabs and Litopenaeus vannamei, indexes of economic benefits were systematically monitored under the consistent conditions of pond and measures of management across treatments. Results The content of ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, and COD in the polyculture decreased by 37.93%, 41.67%, and 35.78%, while the content of dissolved oxygen increased by 17.56% and the survival rate of river crabs increased by 8.35% compared with that in the monoculture of river crabs, with significant difference (P<0.05). The content of ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, and COD in the polyculture decreased by 41.94%, 42.86%, and 35.84%, while the content of dissolved oxygen increased by 18.91% and the survival rate of litopenaeus vannamei increased by 8.72% compared with that in the monoculture of Litopenaeus vannamei, with significant difference (P<0.05). The yield per 667 m2 in the polyculture was 192.36 kg, significantly higher by 25.23% and 19.03% than that in the monoculture of river crabs and Litopenaeus vannamei (P<0.05), respectively. The average net profit per 667 m2 in the polyculture was higher than by 33.71% and 292.32% than that in the monoculture of river crabs and Litopenaeus vannamei, respectively. Conclusions The polyculture mode of river crabs and Litopenaeus vannamei achieves dual use of water and dual harvest from the same pond with significant ecological and economic benefits, and is suitable for scalized promotion.
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