基于真实病例的高级临床兽医班实践教学改革与成效分析
Reform and effectiveness of real case-based practice teaching in an advanced clinical veterinary medicine class
临床实践教学是动物医学专业培养高水平临床兽医人才的重要环节,也是提升学生岗位胜任力、临床思维和实践操作能力的关键途径。当前,我国动物医学专业临床实践教学仍存在学生主体参与不足、教学实习与毕业岗位实习衔接不紧密、实践评价体系不够完善等问题,影响了学生独立诊疗能力和职业适应能力的培养。本文以华中农业大学动物医学专业高级临床兽医班为实践对象,依托学校教学动物医院真实临床病例,统筹临床教学实习与毕业岗位实习环节,构建“学生诊疗为主、教师确证为辅”的临床实践教学模式,并从教学内容整合、临床思维培养、理论实践融合、标准化技能训练和过程性评价等方面开展改革。实践表明,该模式有效提高了学生在病史采集、体格检查、鉴别诊断、病例汇报、临床沟通和基础操作等方面的综合能力;改革后学生临床技能综合测评平均成绩较改革前提高5~8分,基础操作项目合格率提高8%~10%,2023届学生中有9人进入华中农业大学动物医院从事动物临床相关工作。该模式强化了学生在真实临床情境中的主体参与和岗位责任意识,有助于推动动物医学专业实践教学由“教师示范、学生观摩”向“学生参与、教师指导、能力导向”转变,可为同类院校开展临床兽医实践教学改革和高素质应用型兽医人才培养提供参考。
Clinical practice teaching is an essential component of veterinary education for training high-level professionals in clinical veterinary and is a key approach to improving professional competence, clinical reasoning, and practical skills of students as well. Clinical practice teaching in veterinary medicine programs in China currently faces the problems including the insufficient participation of student, the weak connection between clinical teaching practice and pre-graduation professional internship, and an incomplete practice-based evaluation system, which affect the development of independent diagnostic and therapeutic abilities, and the professional adaptability of students. The Advanced Clinical Veterinary (ACV) Class of the Veterinary Medicine program at Huazhong Agricultural University (HZAU) was used to establish a clinical practice teaching mode of student-led diagnosis and treatment assisted with teacher confirmation based on the real clinical cases from the teaching animal hospital at HZAU, coordinating clinical teaching practice with pre-graduation professional internship. Reforms were conducted in terms of integrating the content of teaching, training clinical reasoning, integrating theory with practice, standardizing the training of clinical skills, and evaluating the process of learning and training. The results of practice showed that the established mode effectively improved comprehensive abilities of students in history taking, physical examination, differential diagnosis, case presentation, clinical communication, and basic clinical procedures. The average score of assessing comprehensive clinical skills of students increased by 5-8 points, with the pass rate of basic clinical procedures increasing by 8%-10%. 9 students from the ACV Class of 2023 entered the Teaching Animal Hospital at HZAU to engage in animal clinical-related work. It is indicated that the established mode strengthens the active participation and professional responsibility of students in real clinical settings, promotes the transformation of clinical practice teaching in veterinary medicine from "teacher demonstration and student observation" to "student participation, teacher guidance, and competency orientation". It will provide a reference for similar institutions to reform the practice teaching in clinical veterinary and train applied veterinary professionals with high-quality.
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