健康鲫肠道菌群结构及转录组特征分析
林轩 , 张杨 , 胡秀彩 , 李彧 , 张文雅 , 管振国 , 吕爱军
养殖与饲料 ›› 2026, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (08) : 8 -12.
健康鲫肠道菌群结构及转录组特征分析
Bacterial community structure and transcriptomic characteristics of the intestine in healthy crucian carp (Carassius auratus)
目的 分析健康鲫肠道基因表达谱及菌群结构特征,为深入解析鲫肠道稳态及抗病免疫机制提供参考依据。 方法 从平均体重100±5 g、体长15±2 cm的健康鲫中随机选取9尾,麻醉后无菌解剖,分离肠道组织并均匀混合,所得混合样品采用Illumina NovaSeq、16S rRNA高通量测序技术,对其肠道菌群结构与转录组进行分析。 结果 鲫肠道菌群以变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、鲸杆菌属(Cetobacterium)为优势菌群,α多样性和β多样性分析表明菌群丰富度、均匀度较高(Simpson>0.97)。转录组方面,共获得62 547个基因转录本;GO功能富集分析显示,高表达基因主要涉及基因翻译、先天免疫、铁离子转运等生物学过程;KEGG富集分析显示,高表达基因主要集中在能量代谢、蛋白加工(折叠、分选与降解)及细胞生长、死亡等基础代谢通路,同时也富集于TLRs、NLRs、NF-κB等免疫相关信号通路。 结论 健康鲫以变形菌门、鲸杆菌属构成肠道优势菌群;肠道基因主要参与能量、蛋白代谢及免疫防御等生物学功能,并富集于TLRs、NLRs、NF-κB等先天免疫信号通路,进而调控鲫生长与抗病、免疫机制。
Objectives The expression profiles of intestinal genes and the structure of intestinal microbiota in healthy crucian carp (Carassius auratus) were analyzed to provide a reference for the in-depth elucidation of intestinal homeostasis and the immune mechanisms underlying the resistance to diseases in crucian carp. Methods From a population of healthy crucian carp (mean weight 100±5 g, body length 15±2 cm), 9 individuals were randomly selected. Intestinal tissues were pooled and homogenized after anesthesia and sterile dissection. The mixed samples were used for Illumina NovaSeq platform and 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing to analyze the intestinal microbiota structure and transcriptome. Results The intestinal microbiota of crucian carp was dominated by Proteobacteria and Cetobacterium. The results of analyzing alpha (α) diversity and beta (β) diversity showed that the richness and evenness of the microbiota were high, with Simpson index higher than 0.97. A total of 62 547 genes transcripts were obtained. The results of analyzing the Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment showed that highly expressed genes were mainly involved in biological processes including gene translation, innate immunity and the transport of iron ions. The results of analyzing the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment showed that these genes were predominantly enriched in energy metabolism, protein processing (folding, sorting and degradation), cell growth and death, as well as immune-related signaling pathways such as TLRs, NLRs and NF-κB. Conclusions Proteobacteria and Cetobacterium serve as the dominant intestinal microbiota in healthy crucian carp. Intestinal genes are mainly involved in biological functions including energy metabolism, protein metabolism, and immune defense, and are enriched in innate immune signaling pathways including TLRs, NLRs, NF-κB, which regulate the growth, disease resistance and immune mechanisms in crucian carp.
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天津市大学生创新训练计划项目(202510061207)
津甘双地科技特派员项目(24CXNA078)
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