植物精油在生猪养殖中的应用研究进展
Progress on the application of plant essential oils in pig farming
植物精油作为天然生物活性物质,具有抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化等多重功能,在提高断奶仔猪和育肥猪的平均日增重、降低料重比等方面具有重要作用。为明确植物精油在生猪养殖中作为绿色饲料添加剂的应用效果及作用机制,本文综述常见植物精油的主要活性成分,阐述其通过破坏细菌细胞膜、调控NF-κB信号通路、淬灭自由基等发挥抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化作用的机制,分析了日粮添加植物精油对生猪生长性能、免疫功能、肠道健康的积极影响,并提出复配精油与微胶囊包被技术具有协同增效作用,为植物精油在生猪养殖中的科学应用及无抗饲料配方开发提供参考依据。
Plant essential oils, as natural bioactive substances, commonly contain active ingredients which have multiple functions including antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. They play an important role in improving the average daily gain of weight in weaned piglets and fattening pigs, and reducing the feed-to-weight ratio. This article reviewed the main active ingredients of plant essential oils in common and explained their mechanisms of exerting antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects by disrupting cell membranes in bacteria, regulating the NF-κB signaling pathway, and quenching free radicals to clarify the effects of application and the mechanism of plant essential oils as green additives for feed in pig farming. The positive effects of adding plant essential oils to the diet on the growth performance, immunity, and gut health of pigs were elaborated in details. It was proposed that the combination of essential oils and microcapsule coating technology has a synergistic effect. It will provide a theoretical basis for the scientific application of plant essential oils in pig farming and the development of antibiotic-free formulas of feed.
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