林下桑叶-蛋鸡生态养殖模式下鸡蛋的营养特性分析
Nutritional characteristics of eggs from laying hens ecologically farmed with the mulberry leaves under the forest
目的 探究南方丘陵区林下桑叶-蛋鸡生态养殖模式下鸡蛋的营养特性,为生态禽产品品质评价及该模式推广提供依据。 方法 以180日龄罗曼粉蛋鸡为对象,设林下生态养殖组(林下放养+补饲桑叶发酵饲料,桑叶发酵饲料占补饲量15%干物质)与常规笼养组(三层阶梯式笼养,饲喂基础日粮),每组3个重复,每个重复200只,试验期120 d,分别测定鸡蛋的常规营养成分、维生素与矿物质、功能性活性物质、胆固醇、氨基酸组成等指标。 结果 与普通笼养鸡蛋相比,林下桑叶-蛋鸡生态蛋的粗蛋白质含量极显著提高(P<0.01),蛋黄比例和蛋壳强度均明显增加,蛋黄颜色加深(P<0.01);胆固醇含量显著降低22.8%;ω-3脂肪酸含量提升81.4%,且ω-6/ω-3比值优化至12.3;总多酚和总黄酮分别达到普通鸡蛋的2.1、1.8倍(P<0.01);维生素E、硒、锌含量和必需氨基酸总量极显著增加(P<0.01),赖氨酸和蛋氨酸评分分别达1.45和1.23。 结论 林下桑叶-蛋鸡生态养殖模式可显著提升鸡蛋营养成分含量,改善脂肪酸组成和氨基酸均衡性,降低胆固醇水平,增强蛋壳强度和蛋黄颜色。
Objectives The nutritional characteristics of eggs from laying hens ecologically farmed with mulberry leaves under the forest in southern hilly areas were studied to provide a basis for evaluating the quality of products from ecological poultry and promoting the mode of ecological farming. Methods Roman powder laying hens aged 180 days were used to set up 2 groups including the ecological farming group under the forest with free-range under the forest plus fermented feed of mulberry leaves accounting for 15% of the dry matter in the supplementary feed and the traditional cage farming group with three-tiered stepped cages and fed with standard diet. Each group consisted of 3 replicates, with 200 laying hens per replicate and the experimental period of 120 days. The content of routine nutritional components, lipid quality, vitamins and minerals, functionally active substances including total polyphenols and total flavonoids, cholesterol, composition of amino acid, and indexes of egg quality including the strength of eggshell, yolk color, Haff units, etc. were measured. Results The content of crude protein in eggs from laying hens in the ecological farming group significantly increased (P<0.01), the yolk ratio and the strength of eggshell significantly increased, and the yolk color significantly deepened (P<0.01) compared with that in eggs from laying hens in the traditional cage farming group. The content of cholesterol significantly reduced by 22.8% (P<0.01). The content of ω-3 fatty acid increased by 81.4% (P<0.01), with the ω-6/ω-3 ratio optimized to 12.3. The content of total polyphenols and flavonoids eggs from laying hens in the ecological farming group was 2.1 times and 1.8 times higher than that in eggs from laying hens in the traditional cage farming group (P<0.01), respectively. The content of vitamin E, selenium, zinc, and essential amino acids significantly increased (P<0.01), with the score of lysine and methionine reaching 1.45 and 1.23, respectively. Conclusions The mode of ecologically farming laying hens with mulberry leaves under the forest can significantly increase the content of nutritional components in eggs, improve the composition of fatty acids and the balance of amino acids, reduce the content of cholesterol, enhance the strength of eggshell and yolk color.
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湖南省教育厅科学研究项目“林下生态养殖模式下桑叶利用效率与鸡蛋营养价值关系的研究”(24C1199)
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