思南黄牛种质资源保护现状调查与分析
Investigation and analysis on the status of conservating germplasm resources of Sinan yellow cattle
目的 调查思南黄牛种质资源保护现状,分析当前保种实践中存在的主要问题,为优化保种策略、提升保护成效提供基础数据和决策参考。 方法 采用典型调查与文献对比相结合的方法,于2024年11月至2025年10月对思南牛原种场核心群进行系统调查,测定208头能繁母牛的体尺、体重,调取配种繁殖记录、饲料消耗及成本收益等运营数据,并与国内先进保种模式进行对比分析。 结果 思南牛核心群母牛平均体重(260.6±45.8)kg,较品种标准(≥345.5 kg)低84.9 kg,差异极显著(P<0.01);群体体重变异系数高达17.6%,显示营养水平低下与群体整齐度差并存。繁殖管理方面,与配公牛系谱信息100%缺失,妊娠诊断执行率为0,数据记录孤立化严重。 结论 思南牛保种工作存在营养供给不足、遗传管理缺失、数据体系薄弱等系统性缺陷,亟需从精准营养调控、分子遗传鉴定、数字化档案建设等方面构建系统化保护技术体系。
Objectives The status of conservating germplasm resources of Sinan yellow cattle was investigated and the main problems in current practices of conservation were analyzed to provide basic data and decision-making references for optimizing the strategies of conservation and improving the effectiveness of conservation. Methods A combination of typical survey and literature comparison was used to systematically investigate the core herd of Sinan Cattle Breeding Farm from November 2024 to October 2025. The body size and body weight of 208 breeding cows were measured. The operational data including breeding records, feed consumption, cost-benefit data were retrieved and compared with the advanced modes of conservation in China. Results The average body weight of the core herd cows was 260.6±45.8 kg, 84.9 kg lower than that in the breed standard (≥345.5 kg), with extremely significant difference (P<0.01). The coefficient of variation for body weight reached 17.6%, indicating the coexistence of low nutritional levels and poor herd uniformity. In terms of the management of reproduction, the pedigree information of mating bulls was 100% missing, the implementation rate of pregnancy diagnosis was 0, and data recording was severely isolated. Conclusions There are systemic deficiencies including insufficient nutrition supply, lack of genetic management, and weak data system in the conservation work of Sinan cattle. It is urgent to establish a systematic conservation technology system from the aspects of the precise regulation of nutrition, identification with molecular genetics, and the construction of digital archives.
| [1] |
熊文康,李洪英,王华, |
| [2] |
王军波,杨云,郝明祥, |
| [3] |
黄文中,江金华,甘小辉.湖北蕲春三角山黄牛的种质资源调查研究[J].养殖与饲料,2025,24(10):7-11. |
| [4] |
刘庆朋.雷琼黄牛种质资源保护及繁育技术浅析[J].畜禽业,2017,28(12):13-14. |
| [5] |
刘莹莹,肖兵南,田科雄.湘西黄牛的保种与开发利用[J].中国畜禽种业,2008(19):15-17. |
| [6] |
王之盛,万发春,孙宝忠, |
| [7] |
张华琦,郁建生,郁建平.日粮营养水平对思南黄牛生长性能及肉品质的影响研究[J].动物营养学报,2020,32(5):2235-2244. |
| [8] |
曾茂芹,覃涛英,裴成江, |
| [9] |
昝林森,田成山,王洪宝.中国肉牛种业现状、存在问题及发展建议[J].家畜生态学报,2012,33(2):4-7. |
| [10] |
王胤晨,袁扬,张定红, |
| [11] |
袁扬,赵恬,姚丹, |
| [12] |
|
| [13] |
杨婷,郑浩,连林生.畜禽保种理论与方法研究进展[J].云南农业大学学报,2007,22(6):926-930. |
| [14] |
|
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |