威宁绵羊的保种选育效果评价
Evaluating the effectiveness of conservating and breeding Weining sheep
目的 系统量化评价威宁绵羊的保种选育成效,为肉毛兼用定向选育提供科学依据。 方法 2022-2023年对贵州某威宁绵羊保种场开展养殖试验,采用半舍饲半放牧饲养模式,对威宁绵羊核心保种群的繁殖性能、生长发育、屠宰性能、肉品质及毛用性能开展系统测定,分析关键性状改良规律。 结果 2023年初产母羊、经产母羊产羔率分别为100.85%、101.26%,较2022年分别提高0.85%、1.26%;羔羊3月龄体重、6月龄体重和平均日增重分别为14.51 kg、24.36 kg、233.56 g,均显著高于2022年(P<0.05);6月龄后备羊体高增幅最大,公、母羊分别提高17.36%、18.15%,胸围增幅最小;屠宰性能中眼肌面积、熟肉率显著提升(P<0.05),其余屠宰及肉质指标2年间差异不显著(P>0.05),肉质细嫩、品质稳定;毛用性能指标呈小幅上升,细度稳定在32~46支。 结论 经2年系统保种选育,威宁绵羊主要种质性状保持稳定并呈正向提升,保种效果良好。
Objectives The effectiveness of conservating and breeding Weining sheep was systematically and quantitatively evaluated to provide a scientific basis for the directed breeding of Weining sheep with both meat and wool production. Methods A breeding experiment was conducted at a Weining Sheep Conservation Farm in Guizhou Province from 2022 to 2023. A semi-stall-side and semi-wooing feeding regime was used to systematically measure the reproduction performance, growth and development, slaughter performance, meat quality, and wool performance of the core conservation population of Weining sheep. The patterns of improvement in these key traits were analyzed. Results The rate of lambing for the first-time and multiparous ewes in early 2023 were 100.85% and 101.26%, with an increase of 0.85% and 1.26% compared to that in 2022. The body weight and average daily gain of weight in 3-month-old and 6-month-old lambs was 14.51 kg, 24.36 kg, and 233.56 g, significantly higher than that in 2022 (P<0.05). Among the 6-month-old breeding ewes, the greatest increase in body height was observed in males (17.36%) and females (18.15%), with the smallest increase of chest circumference. In terms of slaughter performance, the eye muscle area and cooked meat yield was significantly increased (P<0.05), while the indexes of remaining slaughter and meat quality had no significant difference between the two years (P>0.05), with tender meat and stable quality. The indexes of wool performance had a slight increase, with fiber fineness remaining stable between 32 and 46 deniers. Conclusions The major genetic traits of Weining sheep remained stable and had positive improvement after 2 years of systematic conservation and breeding, with good effects of conservation.
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