亚洲象装笼行为训练研究
Training the crated behavior of the Asian elephant
目的 解决圈养亚洲象装笼转运难度大、易产生应激等问题,改善动物福利,提升长途运输安全水平,为圈养大型野生动物的福利化转运提供可行实践方案与技术依据。 方法 以重庆动物园1头体重约4 t的成年雄性亚洲象“西西”为研究对象,采用正强化训练法,开展为期48 d(2024年4月1日至5月18日,有效训练35 d)的亲和建立、脱敏、进笼、插管、关门及行为巩固系列训练。 结果 经分阶段训练,该亚洲象可自主、稳定进入定制笼箱,耐受插管、关门等操作,能在封闭笼箱内安静停留30 min以上,并顺利完成近4 000 km的长途运输,全程未出现严重应激反应。训练人员保持稳定、训练环境低干扰、使用适配安全器材,是保障训练效率与操作安全的关键;原钢管器械存在安全隐患,更换为推拉杆装置后,训练效率提升约30%。 结论 循序渐进的正强化行为训练能够显著缓解亚洲象在装笼与运输阶段的应激表现,提升动物福利。
Objectives The difficulties in crating and transporting captive Asian elephants and their susceptibility to stress were solved to improve animal welfare and enhance the safety of long-distance transportation to provide feasible and practical solutions and technical basis for the transportation of captive large wild animals with good welfare. Methods The positive reinforcement training method was used to conduct 48 days of training including the establishment of affinity, desensitization, crating, intubation, door closure, and behavioral consolidation with effective training period of 35 days on a captive adult male Asian elephant named as Xixi weighing approximately 4 tons at Chongqing zoo from April 1 to May 18, 2024. Results The elephant entered the customized crate voluntarily and steadily, and tolerated operations including intubation and door closure after the phased training. It remained calm in the fully enclosed crate for more than 30 minutes and successfully completed the long-distance transportation of nearly 4 000 kilometers without severe responses to stress throughout the journey. Stable trainers, low-disturbance environment and properly fitted safety equipment were critical to the efficiency of training and the safety of operation. The original steel pipes had safety hazards, but the efficiency of training increased by about 30% after replacing it with a push-pull rods. Conclusions Step-by-step positive reinforcement behavioral training can significantly alleviate the symptoms of stress in Asian elephants during crating and transportation, and improve animal welfare.
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