贵阳市中小规模猪场呼吸系统致病菌感染状况调查及相关性分析
杨源 , 张海 , 徐春志 , 蔺俐仲 , 李婷 , 徐景峨 , 潘永
养殖与饲料 ›› 2026, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (09) : 69 -73.
贵阳市中小规模猪场呼吸系统致病菌感染状况调查及相关性分析
Investigation of 4 major respiratory bacterial pathogens in small and medium-scale pig farms of Guiyang City, Guizhou Province in 2025
目的 调查贵阳市2025年中小规模猪场链球菌(SS)、肺炎支原体(MHP)、副猪嗜血杆菌(HPS)、胸膜肺炎放线杆菌(APP)4种呼吸系统细菌性疫病感染状况,为疫病防控提供科学依据。 方法 2025年3月,在贵阳市8个中小规模猪场采集102份血清样品,采用ELISA方法进行感染抗体检测;在个体层面采用卡方检验和列联系数分析病原共阳性感染状况,在场群层面采用Spearman分析病原间的关联性;同时对养殖场防控效果采用Kendall W进行评价。 结果 SS、MHP、APP、HPS的个体阳性率分别为78.43%、42.16%、46.08%、18.63%,场阳性率分别为87.5%、62.5%、62.5%、37.5%;混合感染率达85.71%。从场群间、个体间分析均阐明SS在病原中具有主导地位,虽然养殖场层面各病原组合均无显著相关性(P>0.05),但均呈正向关联;从个体层面分析,SS与MHP、APP呈极显著正相关性(C=0.37、0.40,P<0.01);MHP与APP呈显著正相关(C=0.20,P<0.01);HPS与SS、MHP、APP相关性较弱,且不显著(C=0.17、0.00、0.14,P>0.05)。养殖场间防控效果具有较强一致性(Kendall W=0.589,P=0.021),3号场防控最优(秩次值1.88),6号场最差(6.38)。 结论 贵阳市中小规模猪场呼吸系统致病菌感染状况复杂,SS、MHP与APP混合感染普遍且显著关联,而HPS感染相对独立;场间防控效果差异大,提示整体管理水平是决定病原防控效果的关键因素。
Objectives The infection status of 4 bacterial pathogens including Streptococcus suis (SS), Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (MHP), Haemophilus parasuis (HPS), and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP) in small- and medium-scale pig farms in Guiyang City, Guizhou Province in 2025 was investigated to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of disease. Methods 102 samples of serum were collected from 8 small and medium-scale pig farms in Guiyang City, Guizhou Province in March 2025. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect infection antibodies. The chi-square test and contingency coefficient were used to analyze the co-infection patterns of pathogens at the level of individual. Spearman's rank correlation was used to assess associations among pathogens at the level of herd. Kendall's W was used to evaluate the effectiveness for measures of controlling disease across farms. Results The positive rate of individual and herd for SS, MHP, APP, and HPS was 78.43%, 42.16%, 46.08% and 18.63%, 87.5%, 62.5%, 62.5% and 37.5%, respectively, indicating that SS plays a dominant role among the pathogens. The overall rate of mixed infection reached 85.71%. Although no significant correlations were found among combinations of pathogen at the level of herd (P>0.05), all associations were positive. SS at the level of individual had significantly positive correlations with MHP and APP (C=0.37 and 0.40, P<0.01). MHP was significantly positively correlated with APP (C=0.20, P<0.01). HPS had weak and non‑significant correlations with SS, MHP, and APP (C=0.17, 0.00, and 0.14, P>0.05). The consistency of effectiveness of controlling disease across farms was moderate (Kendall's W=0.589, P=0.021). The No. 3 farm had the best control performance (mean rank=1.88), while the No. 6 farm had the poorest (mean rank=6.38). Conclusions The respiratory bacterial infections in small and medium-scale pig farms in Guiyang City, Guizhou Province are complex. Mixed infections of SS, MHP, and APP are common and significantly associated, whereas HPS infection is relatively independent. There is considerable variation in the effectiveness of controlling disease across farms, indicating that overall level of management is a key factor determining the effectiveness of preventing and controlling pathogens.
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贵州省科技支撑项目“规模化猪场呼吸系统主要致病菌血清型快速检测及防控技术研究”(黔科合支撑〔2023〕一般008)
贵州省第八批千层次创新型人才培养项目(筑科合同-GCC-〔2024〕022)
贵州省科技支撑项目“基于多组学深度解析贵州生猪全产业链耐药性传播驱动因素及防控策略研究”(黔科合支撑〔2022〕一般139)
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