College of Chemical Engineering,Beijing University of Chemical Technology,Beijing 100029,China
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Published
2025-04-15
2026-05-20
Issue Date
2026-09-09
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摘要
石墨烯具有独特的二维结构、高比表面积、优良的导电性及可调控的表面官能团,在高级氧化领域中受到广泛关注。石墨烯基材料能够有效活化氧化剂生成活性氧物种(ROS),高效降解有机污染物,弥补传统水处理技术的不足。随着石墨烯基材料及高级氧化技术研究的不断深入,相关论文的发表量增长迅速,但缺乏对这些研究成果的系统性总结和归纳。为了全面揭示该领域的研究热点与发展趋势,利用可视化软件CiteSpace对Web of Science核心数据库中2015年5月—2025年4月收录的912篇相关文献进行文献计量分析,讨论了该领域的研究热点,总结了存在的主要问题,并对今后的研究方向进行了展望。结果表明:该领域的相关研究国家或地区在全球的分布范围较广,其中中国的发文量最多,占总发文量的62.2%;国家或地区之间的合作较为密切,但各研究机构、研究团队之间的合作不足;石墨烯基材料在高级氧化技术中的研究热点集中在石墨烯改性、新兴污染物降解和高级氧化机制方面;该领域存在的问题主要集中在石墨烯基材料的制备及对生态环境的影响、高级氧化机制研究和工程化应用等方面。本文结果可为相关领域的科研人员分析现有研究成果、了解当前研究热点、把握未来发展趋势提供参考。
Abstract
Graphene possesses a unique two-dimensional structure, a high specific surface area, excellent electrical conductivity, and controllable surface functional groups, and its use in advanced oxidation has received extensive attention. Graphene-based materials can effectively activate oxidants to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), and efficiently degrade organic pollutants, thereby compensating for the shortcomings of traditional water treatment technologies. The number of publications on graphene-based materials and advanced oxidation technologies has increased rapidly, but systematic summaries of these research results are lacking. In order to comprehensively reveal the research hotspots and development trends in this field, the visualization software CiteSpace was used to conduct a bibliometric analysis of 912 relevant papers published in the Web of Science Core Collection from May 2015 to April 2025. The research hotspots in this field were discussed, the main existing problems were summarized, and future research directions were predicted. The results show that the distribution of countries and regions involved in research in this field is quite extensive globally. China has the largest number of publications, accounting for 62.2% of the total. Cooperation between countries or regions is relatively extensive, but cooperation between different research institutions and teams is insufficient. The main research hotspots of graphene-based materials in advanced oxidation technology are graphene modification, degradation of emerging pollutants, and advanced oxidation mechanisms. The main problems in this field lie in the preparation of graphene-based materials and their impact on the environment, as well as in research on advanced oxidation mechanisms and their engineering applications. The results presented in this article can serve as a reference for researchers in related fields to analyze existing research outcomes, understand current research trends, and grasp future development directions.
高级氧化技术使用金属基催化剂和非金属基催化剂来降低反应活化能,提高自由基的氧化能力。相较于传统金属基催化剂,非金属基催化剂具有成本低、环境友好、热稳定性和化学稳定性高、催化性能优异等优势,逐渐引起人们的广泛关注[4]。二维纳米结构的非金属材料(如石墨烯、石墨炔、氮化硼(BN)纳米片等)具有较大的比表面积、较强的活化氧化剂能力,在水处理领域中展现出显著优势,已成为该领域的研究热点[5]。其中石墨烯基材料,包括具有sp2杂化碳构型的氧化石墨烯(GO)和还原氧化石墨烯(rGO),作为典型的层状碳质纳米材料,具有极大的比表面积、较低的带隙、优良的导电性、丰富的官能基(羟基、羧基和环氧化基)、结构可调控性等特点,在高级氧化技术中得到广泛应用[6-7]。近年来,随着石墨烯基材料在高级氧化领域中研究的不断深入,相关论文的发表数量显著增加,但系统性分析该领域的研究现状及发展趋势仍存在不足,需要运用科学的分析方法对这些研究成果进行全面的梳理和分析。为此,本文利用可视化文献计量软件CiteSpace,对Web of Science核心数据库收录的相关文献进行计量学和可视化分析,讨论了石墨烯基材料在高级氧化领域中的发展现状和研究热点,并总结了存在的主要问题。
1 数据收集及研究方法
本文以Web of Science核心数据库作为数据源,以“graphene”和(“advanced oxidation process” OR “AOPs”)作为主题词进行检索,设定时间跨度为2015.05—2025.04。经筛选后共导出912篇相关文献,将这些文献以全记录与引用的参考文献的格式导出为纯文本文件,采用CiteSpace软件(版本v6.3.R1(64 bit)Basic)进行可视化分析。基于筛选得到的相关文献绘制各种相关图谱,并通过图谱提供的信息(如节点面积的大小、节点间的连线及粗细、各关键词出现的频率等),分析石墨烯基材料在高级氧化领域中的发展概况、研究热点以及各热点间的相互关联状况等。
使用CiteSpace生成发文机构和作者共现图谱(节点类型分别选择机构和作者,k值分别取25和15),结果如图3和图4所示。图3中共有288个节点,487条连线,密度值为0.011 8,可见参与该领域研究的机构分布广泛,但合作关系不强。其中,中国科学院(Chinese Academy of Sciences)和阿德莱德大学(University of Adelaide)的发文量最多,中介中心性最大(分别为0.24和0.18),表明这两个机构在发文量和影响力方面都具有较大优势。国内机构之间的合作关系以各高校与科研院所之间的合作为主,国外机构之间的合作关系主要为高校和高校之间的合作,两类模式均呈现“整体分散、局部集中”的分布特点。图4中共有284个节点,465条连线,密度值为0.011 6,表明各团队之间的联系较为松散,只有少数作者与其他作者存在较为密切的合作,未来应加强各研究机构、研究团队的联系和沟通,积极开展学术交流活动。来自阿德莱德大学的王少彬和段晓光教授的发文量最多,分别为41篇和37篇,其次是来自澳大利亚西澳大学的孙红旗教授,发文量为21篇,且发文时间相对较早。
Sun等[32]采用一步水热法合成了S、N双元素掺杂的rGO,如图8所示。以硫脲作为硫源、氮源和还原剂,与经过冷冻干燥和超声粉碎的GO反应,在高温下实现杂原子高掺杂和同步还原,形成具有丰富缺陷和活性位点的S、N双元素掺杂的rGO。该材料具有制备简单、价格便宜、性能稳定、耐甲醇等优点,掺杂的S、N可产生丰富的活性位点并改变局部电子状态,从而显著提高材料的氧还原反应(ORR)性能。Shafi等[33]制备了二硫化钨(WS2)纳米片掺入的氮掺杂rGO气凝胶(WNGA)用于光催化降解咖啡因,在180 min时光降解效率高达93%,所制备的WNGA具有优异的光催化性能、良好的耐久性和易于回收性,表明WNGA在消除水环境中精神活性物质方面的应用潜力。在金属原子掺杂方面,Zhou等[34]通过一步溶剂热法制备了过渡金属掺杂的无定形硫化钼(MoS x )/石墨烯三元助催化剂,与未掺杂的二元复合材料及纯无定形MoS x 相比,所制备的三元助催化剂显著提高了光催化体系的电荷转移能力和光诱导载流子的分离性能,展现出优异的光催化活性和稳定性。Dong等[35]通过简单的硅酸盐模板化方法合成了一系列过渡金属铁改性的多元素掺杂多孔石墨烯泡沫催化剂,过渡金属的掺杂可以使石墨烯具有较多的介孔、更大的比表面积、更活跃的位点及较高的ORR性能,并且掺杂量越大,活性位点越多,对污染物的催化降解效果越好。
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