College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Beijing University of Chemical Technology,Beijing 100029,China
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文章历史+
Received
Published
2024-09-02
2026-05-20
Issue Date
2026-09-09
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摘要
在采用传统自主导航方法的轮式无人车辆中,由于算法未充分考虑非完整约束特性与转向几何限制,常导致出现运动轨迹不可跟踪问题,致使车辆无法完成预期导航任务。基于Robot Operating System (ROS)模块化设计了一种新的自主导航方法,该方法采用基于图优化的Cartographer算法实现建图和定位的功能,使用基于search⁃based planning library (SBPL)规划库的SBPL_Lattice_Planner和基于时间弹性带(time elastic band, TEB)的TEB_Local_Planner分别进行全局路径规划和局部路径规划,共同实现车辆自主导航的功能。针对车辆的运动学特性进行测试实验,并与传统自主导航方法进行对比,结果表明所设计的自主导航方法能够规划出符合车辆运动学特性的路径,有效应对突发障碍物和狭窄空间等情况,满足智能轮式无人车辆对自主导航功能的要求。
Abstract
When using traditional autonomous navigation methods with wheeled unmanned vehicles, the algorithms do not fully account for non⁃complete constraint properties and steering geometry limitations. This often leads to untraceable trajectories, preventing the vehicle from completing the expected navigation tasks. In this work, a new autonomous navigation method has been designed based on the Robot Operating System (ROS) modularization, which employs the Cartographer algorithm based on graph optimization to achieve the functions of map building and localization, and incorporates SBPL_Planner and Lattice_Planner based on the search-based planning library (SBPL). Lattice_Planner together with TEB_Local_Planner based on time elastic band (TEB) planning library,are used for global and local path planning respectively, thereby faciliating autonomous navigation of the vehicle. Test experiments were conducted, and the kinematic characteristics of the vehicle were compared with those of traditional autonomous navigation methods. The results show that our autonomous navigation method can plan a path that meets the kinematic characteristics of the vehicle, effectively responds to situations such as sudden obstacles and narrow spaces, and meets the requirements for the use of intelligent wheeled unmanned vehicles for autonomous navigation functions.
近年来,即时定位与地图构建(simultaneous localization and mapping, SLAM)技术逐渐从理论走向实际运用,在无人驾驶和工业机器人领域应用广泛。Grisetti等[1]提出了Gmapping算法,该算法使用改进提议分布和选择性重采样来解决内存消耗和粒子耗散问题,有效减少了粒子滤波的计算量。然而Gmapping算法采用局部搜索策略,导致其在复杂环境中存在因陷入局部最优解而卡死的情况。谷歌公司基于多传感器提出Cartographer算法[2],该算法融合相关性扫描匹配方法与梯度优化来避免前端匹配结果陷入局部最优,并以分支定界加速匹配过程,对2D和3D激光SLAM具有较好的适用性。
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