To address the vibration suppression and noise reduction in large-scale structures such as high-speed looms, this study explores the mathematical model for multiple damping layers and constraining layers through the constitutive relationship of constrained damping structures. The dynamic model of the multi-layer constrained damping plate was then developed using the finite element method. By applying topology optimization theory, the coupling relationship between the mechanical matrix and the element density design variables in the dynamic model was analyzed, leading to the establishment of a material interpolation model for the multi-layer constrained damping plate.A structural optimization design framework for the multi-layer constrained damping plate structure was constructed based on the density method, with the optimization objective set to minimize the reciprocal of the modal loss factor, subject to a constraint on the total volume of the damping material. The sensitivity of the design variables was derived analytically.Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method was verified using a cantilever beam and the fixed-fixed beam as examples. The results showed that the modal loss factor increased significantly with the increase of the damping material volume fraction. Under a 50% volume constraint, the loss factor of the fixed-fixed beam increased from 0.262 to 0.349, and that of the cantilever beam increased from 0.138 to 0.215.
在拓扑优化方法中,惩罚性各向同性材料模型(solid isotropic material with penalization,SIMP)方法是一种成熟且计算效率较高的连续型材料插值策略,其核心思想可概括为:将每个有限单元的材料状态用一个连续设计变量表示(时表示该单元完全为阻尼材料,时表示该单元几乎没有阻尼材料),并通过引入指数型惩罚因子将中间密度值推向0或1,从而获得接近离散型的材料分布;最后将结构的刚度矩阵、阻尼矩阵等力学参数通过插值形式表达,以保证材料属性与设计变量之间的数学连续性。
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