无线传感器网络多级环形分簇优化算法

Optimization Algorithm for Multi-level Circular Clustering in Wireless Sensor Networks

摘要

针对无线传感器网络通常选择密度峰值作为簇首,而这些节点可能不具备最优的能量状态或网络位置,会因能量耗尽而过早失效,形成能量空洞,影响网络运行稳定性的问题,提出一种无线传感器网络多级环形分簇的优化算法.首先,根据无线传感器网络区域边界到基站的距离对网络区域进行等距离划分,以获得多个环形区域;其次,在各环形区域内,利用CFSFDP算法,根据节点的密度和距离进行分簇,以均衡簇内节点分布并优化通信负载;再次,在确定各层环形区域内的最佳簇数量后,计算各节点的权重值,并选取权重值较大的节点作为聚类中心,完成节点分簇;最后,考虑节点的剩余能量和相对密度,动态选择簇首,并建立多级分簇结构,同时根据簇首的剩余能量比率进行数据传输排序,均衡各节点的能量消耗,避免部分节点过早失效,保证连通性和传输效率,实现无线传感器网络多级环形分簇优化.实验结果表明,该方法的存活节点数量保持在280个以上,节点最大剩余能量和最小剩余能量均在3.5J以上,且负载平衡值最高,可以保持在0.8以上,从而避免因能量耗尽导致的能量空洞,保证无线传感网络的稳定运行.

Abstract

Aiming at the problem that the peak density was usually chosen as the cluster head in the wireless sensor networks, and these nodes might not have the optimal energy state or network location, and might fail prematurely due to energy depletion, forming energy holes that affected the stability of network operation, we proposed an optimization algorithm for multi-level circular clustering in wireless sensor networks. Firstly, we divided the network area equally based on the distance from the boundary of the wireless sensor network area to the base station to obtain multiple circular areas. Secondly, within each circular region, the clustering by fast search and find of density peaks (CFSFDP) algorithm was used to cluster nodes based on their density and distance to balance the distribution of nodes within the cluster and optimize communication load. Thirdly, after determining the optimal number of clusters within each layer of the circular region, we calculated the weight values of each node and selected the node with the higher weight value as the clustering center to complete node clustering. Finally, we considered the remaining energy and relative density of nodes, dynamically selected cluster heads, and established a multi-level clustering structure. At the same time, we sorted data transmission according to the remaining energy ratio of cluster heads to balance the energy consumption of each node, avoid premature failure of some nodes, ensure connectivity and transmission efficiency, and achieve multi-level circular clustering optimization in wireless sensor networks. The experimental results show that the number of surviving nodes of the proposed method remains above 280, and the maximum and minimum remaining energy of the nodes are both above 3.5 J. The load balancing value is the highest, which can be maintained above 0.8. This can avoid the energy hole caused by energy depletion and ensure the stable operation of the wireless sensor networks.

关键词

无线传感器网络 / 多级环形分簇 / CFSFDP算法 / 剩余能量 / 相对密度

Key words

wireless sensor network / multi-level circular clustering / CFSFDP algorithm / remaining energy / relative density

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基金资助

河南省高校科技创新团队支持计划项目(17IRTSTHN010)

龙门实验室开放课题项目(LMQYTSKT034)