In order to study the car-following characteristics of Internet connected mixed traffic flow, the establishment of Internet connected mixed traffic flow car-following model can help to understand its car-following characteristics and improve the stability of mixed traffic flow. Considering the optimal velocity and optimal velocity changes with memory based on front and rear headway space, the velocity difference and acceleration difference of multiple front vehicles, a car-following model named multiple front and rear optimal velocity changes with memory (MFROVCM ) which is suitable for the interactive penetration of mixed traffic flow with connected and autonomous vehicles (CAV) and human-driven vehicles (HV) was constructed. The stability analysis of the model shows: Compared with OVCM model, the unstable area is reduced by 53.17%; compared with BL-OVCM model, the unstable area is reduced by 15.44%, and the stability of MFROVCM model is better than other comparison models. The simulation results show that under the same disturbance conditions, MFROVCM model has better traffic flow stabilization performance. With the increase of CAV permeability, the fluctuation amplitude of overall traffic flow velocity decreases, and the time to restore stability gradually decreases. The model can be applied to the car-following simulation of CAV and HV mixed traffic flow, and provides a theoretical basis and model basis for the traffic controlstrategy of networked mixed traffic flow.
随着智能网联汽车的不断发展,未来很长一段时间会存在人工驾驶车辆(Human-driven vehicles,HV)与不同等级的智能网联汽车(Connected and automated vehicles,CAV)混行的情况。由于CAV的跟驰特性与HV存在差异,混行车流的跟驰行为与单纯人工车流存在一定差异。跟驰行为建模是微观交通流理论研究的热点,可以理解微观交通流运行特性。跟驰模型作为交通流理论微观与宏观之间的纽带,为缓解拥堵等交通问题提供了理论基础。智能网联混行车流跟驰行为建模已成为交通流理论研究的热点。
通过跟驰行为建模分析,在智能网联环境下,OVCM模型与BL-OVCM模型缺少对车辆加速度差信息以及前后多车运行状态信息的考虑,无法有效描述混行车流跟驰特性,故本文在BL-OVCM模型基础上引入多前车速度差项以及多前车加速度差项进行混行车流跟驰行为建模,建立考虑多车响应的网联混行车流跟驰模型(Multiple front and rear optimal velocity changes with memory,MFROVCM)。模型表达式由4个部分构成,分别为考虑前后车头间距的最优速度项、多前车速度差项、多前车加速度差项以及考虑前后车头间距的最优速度记忆项。
由图4、图5可知:t = 300 s 时,OV模型与FVD模型速度有较大波动,加速度变化剧烈,且接近60辆车处于速度波动状态,OVCM模型、BLVD模型与BL-OVCM模型速度波动相对较小,加速度变化相对平稳,接近40辆车速度处于波动状态,MFROVCM模型的速度波动最小,加速度变化最平缓,仅有接近20辆车处于波动状态,模型致稳性优于其他对比模型。t = 350 s 时,MFROVCM模型速度与加速度已恢复稳定,而OV模型、FVD模型与OVCM模型速度与加速度仍存在较大波动。所有模型速度波动范围随着车辆编号增加而增大,说明扰动造成的速度波动会随着车队的传播逐渐增大。由此可知,本文模型稳定性优于其他对比模型,数值仿真结果印证了图3(a)模型稳定性分析结果。
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