To investigate the feasibility of using magnesium oxychloride cement solidified sludge as subgrade, dynamic triaxial and microstructural tests were conducted on solidified sludge under different wet-dry and freeze-thaw cycles and loading conditions. The influences of confining pressure, dynamic load amplitude and loading frequency on the dynamic characteristics of solidified sludge were studied in terms of dynamic shear modulus and damping ratio, and a prediction model for dynamic shear modulus considering wet-dry and freeze-thaw cycle numbers was established. Quantitative analysis of microscopic pore parameters revealed the microstructural evolution of solidified sludge after different wet-dry and freeze-thaw cycle numbers, and correlation analysis was performed between microstructural parameters and macroscopic mechanical properties. The results show that after wet-dry and freeze-thaw conditioning, the dynamic shear modulus of specimens decreases while the damping ratio increases progressively, and wet-dry cycles lead to greater stiffness deterioration than freeze-thaw cycles. As confining pressure and loading frequency increase, the dynamic shear modulus of solidified sludge increases while the damping ratio decreases. Wet-dry and freeze-thaw cycles increase the porosity and coarse pores of solidified sludge, and the pore shape gradually transforms into smooth lamellar. The cycle number and loading frequency have more significant effects on the dynamic characteristics of sludge than confining pressure and dynamic stress amplitude. Among the microstructural morphology parameters, porosity has the greatest influence on the dynamic properties of sludge.
LiLi-hua, HanQi-pei, YangXing, et al. Mechanical properties and micro-mechanisms of RHA-cement solidified sludge[J]. China Civil Engineering Journal, 2023, 56 (12): 166-176.
[3]
JinF, WangF, AltabbaaA. Three-year performance of in-situ solidified/stabilised soil using novel MgO-bearing binders[J]. Chemosphere, 2016, 144:681-688.
[4]
VianiA, LanzafameG, ChateignerD, et al. Microstructural evolution and texture analysis of magnesium phosphate cement[J]. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 2020, 103(2): 1414-1424.
LiuWei-zheng, XuYang, CaiYu, et al. Dynamic response accumulative deformation of modified expansive soil of heavy-haul railway under wetting action[J]. Journal of the China Railway Society, 2023, 45(2): 127-138.
WangXie-qun, ZhangYi, PengChen, et al. Road performance of highly expansive soil modified with waste rubber tire particles and cement[J]. Highway, 2023, 68(6): 362-370.
[9]
ZhaoG T, HanZ, ZouW L, et al. Evolution of mechanical behaviours of an expansive soil during drying-wetting, freeze-thaw, and drying-wetting-freeze-thaw cycles[J]. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 2021, 80: 8109-8121.
LiTian-guo, KongLing-wei, ZhouZhen-hua. Evolution characteristics and generalized model of multilevel microstructure of undisturbed expansive soils during dehumidification[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2022, 44(Sup.1): 35-39.
AnRan, KongLing-wei, ZhangXian-wei, et al. A multi-scale study on structure damage of granite residual soil under wetting-drying environments[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2023, 42(3): 758-767.
ZhangJian-xin, MaChang-hu, LangRui-qing, et al. Experimental study on mechanical properties and microstructure of muddy soil under different freeze-thaw modes[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2023, 42(Sup.1): 3801-3811.
LiuWen-hua, YangQing, TangXiao-wei, et al. Experimental study on the dynamic characteristics of silt clay subjected to drying-wetting cycles under cyclic loading[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2015, 46(4): 425-432.
[18]
WuH, ShaoS, ShaoS, et al. Variations in dynamic shear modulus of loess exposed to dry-wet cycles from Xi'an area, China[J]. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 2023, 173: No.108126.
HuZai-qiang, HuangShuai, ZhouHeng-li, et al. Experimental study on dynamic characteristics of artificial ruins under drying-wetting cycles[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2022, 41(Sup.2): 3499-3507.
WeiXin-jiang, ZhuangJia-huang, DingZhi, et al. Research on the characteristics of hysteretic curves and damping ratio of frozen-thawed soils under cyclic subway loading[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2019, 38(10): 2092-2102.
XuYong-li, DongZi-jian, ZhouJi-sen, et al. Dynamic parameters of lime-improved saline soil under freeze-thaw and different temperatures[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2022, 44(1): 90-97.
[25]
LinB, ZhangF, FengD, et al. Dynamic shear modulus and damping ratio of thawed saturated clay under long-term cyclic loading[J]. Cold Regions Science and Technology, 2018, 145: 93-105.
[26]
TangS, HuY, RenW, et al. Modeling on the hydration and leaching of eco-friendly magnesium oxychloride cement paste at the micro-scale[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2019, 204: 684-690.
[27]
ChangC, DongJ, XiaoX, et al. Long-term mechanical properties and micro mechanism of magnesium oxychloride cement concrete[J]. Advances in Cement Research, 2020, 32(8): 371-378.
LiYing, YuHong-fa, DongJin-mei, et al. Reseach development on hydration product, phase transformation and water resistance evaluation method of magnesium oxychloride cement[J]. Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2013, 41(11): 1465-1473.
[30]
YaoK, WangW, LiN, et al. Investigation on strength and microstructure characteristics of nano-MgO admixed with cemented soft soil[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2019, 206: 160-168.
[31]
WangD, DiS, GaoX, et al. Strength properties and associated mechanisms of magnesium oxychloride cement-solidified urban river sludge[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2020, 250: No.118933.
[32]
WangD, GaoX, LiuX, et al. Strength, durability and microstructure of granulated blast furnace slag-modified magnesium oxychloride cement solidified waste sludge[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2021, 292: No.126072.
LiuNing. Study on road performance of modified solidified mud by magnesium oxychloride cement-based multiphase cementing material[D]. Wuhan: School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, 2022.
WangXie-qun, LiuNing, LiZhi-qi, et al. Hydro-mechanical behaviors of sludge stabilized with magnesium oxychloride cement-based multi-cementitious materials under influence of drying-wetting cycles[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2023, 45(10): 2004-2013.
ZhaoGui-tao, HanZhong, ZouWei-lie, et al. Influences of drying-wetting-freeze-thaw cycles on soil-water and shrinkage characteristics of expansive soil[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2021,43(6):1139-1146.
LiuWei-zheng, XuYang, ShiZhi-guo, et al. Characterization of permanent deformation of modified expansive soil under wetting effect using multi-stage dynamic triaxial test[J]. Journal of Central South University (Science and Technology), 2022, 53(1): 296-305.
[42]
RenJ, VanapalliS K, HanZ, et al. The resilient moduli of five Canadian soils under wetting and freeze-thaw conditions and their estimation by using an artificial neural network model[J]. Cold Regions Science and Technology, 2019, 168: No.102894.
[43]
T307-99. Standard method of test for determining the resilient modulus of soils and aggregate materials [S]. Washington, DC: American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, 1999.
CaiYuan-qiang, ZhaoLi, CaoZhi-gang, et al. Experimental study on dynamic characteristics of unbound granular materials under cyclic loading with different frequencies[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2017, 36(5): 1238-1246.
PengRui-dong, XieHe-ping, JuYang. Computation method of fractal dimension for 2-D digital image [J]. Journal of China University of Mining & Technology, 2004, 50(1): 22-27.