A modeling method under lateral cyclic loading is proposed for the complex multi-bolt connection loosening problem. Firstly, the thread stress surface is divided into n small sectors, and the self-relaxation mechanical model of multi-bolt connection is established considering the interaction between bolts. Secondly, the self-relaxation model is solved by Matlab software and compared with Nassar model to verify the correctness of the model. Finally, considering the influence of different bolt number, hole clearance and connection spacing, the relaxation characteristics of multi-bolt connection are studied. The results show that during the loosening process, the bolt head undergoes a bending-sliding-bending cycle process, and the bolt tension shows a wave downward trend. When multiple bolts are connected, the number of loosening cycles decreases linearly with the increase of hole clearance. With the equidistant increase of bolt connection spacing, the number of bolt loosening cycles shows a decreasing trend. Compared with the number of bolts, the change of bolt hole clearance and connection spacing is more likely to affect bolt loosening.
为了准确描述螺栓受力情况与计算螺纹和螺栓头下的受力,建立图2所示的3个坐标系。首先,定义坐标系XYZ为一个全局的笛卡尔坐标系,其单位向量分别为 i 、 j 和 k,其中X轴平行于外部激励的方向,Z轴竖直向上且平行于螺栓轴。其次,建立局部正交坐标系UVW,其中U为径向坐标系,V为与螺栓杆切向的周向坐标系,W平行于全局Z方向。最后,为了更加精确地表示螺纹面的受力情况,建立螺纹面坐标系U1V1W1,其中W1垂直于螺纹面,V1在切向的螺纹平面内。通过绕轴U旋转导角β使UVW系统旋转,然后再绕U1旋转,使W轴垂直于螺纹面,形成第3个坐标系U1V1W1。XYZ、UVW和U1V1W1坐标系的单位向量分别是( i j k )( u v w )和( u1v1w1)。单位向量( u v w )和( i j k )之间的关系用矩阵格式表示如下:
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