In order to improve the detection accuracy of road network traffic incidents and reduce the false alarm rate, a real-time automatic detection method of road network traffic incidents based on Graph Spatial-Temporal Pattern Learning Network (GSTPL) is proposed. Firstly, the traffic incident detection problem in the road network is abstracted into a graph structure anomaly detection task; a traffic spatial-temporal fusion graph representation method is designed to filter the road network graph node with strong spatial-temporal dependence and same pattern regularity as the input. Then, the graph spatial-temporal convolution and graph embedding layer are introduced to extract the spatial-temporal pattern features, and the multi-component input and fusion prediction structure are constructed to fuse traffic pattern rules in different time dimensions, and realize stable forecasts of graph node parameters. An abnormal state evaluation method is designed, and the final incident detection result is given by learning of the prediction error distribution and combining with the current detection data. Two real road networks datasets were used for validation experiments, and the proposed algorithm was compared with several typical traffic incident detection algorithms. The comparison results show that the proposed GSTPL has higher detection accuracy, lower false alarm rate and shorter average detection time. When the acceptable false positive rate is 5% and 10%, the detection rate of traffic incidents can reach more than 91% and 96% respectively.
时间相似矩阵构建:在交通模式学习预测与异常评估任务中,除空间相邻节点外,具有相似交通模式的检测器数据同样有利用价值。因此,构造时间相似矩阵用于筛选与当前检测节点具有相同交通模式的其他检测节点,并对其赋予更高的权重系数。引入动态时间规整(Dynamic time warping,DTW)[24]衡量2个检测节点的时间模式相似性。给定路网图中任意两检测器节点的交通参数时间序列与,其中表示时间序列长度。通过欧氏距离计算2个序列每两点之间的距离,构造时序距离矩阵,则两点间的累计时序距离可通过下式进行迭代计算:
为了动态描述算法对误检率与检测率的敏感性,本文采用接受者操作特征曲线(Receiver operation characteristic curve,ROC)和曲线下面积(Area under the curve,AUC)评价AID算法性能。ROC曲线以误检率为横轴,检测率为纵轴,根据不同(,)连接形成一条曲线;AUC为ROC曲线下面积,其理论取值为0.5~1.0,0.5对应对角线下的面积,1.0对应整个ROC平面面积。ROC越逼近左上角,AUC越接近1,说明算法的总体识别性能越好。
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