1.Key Laboratory of Modern Power System Simulation and Control & Renewable Energy Technology,Ministry of Education,Northeast Electric Power University,Jilin 132012,China
2.School of Electrical Engineering,Northeast Electric Power University,Jilin 132012,China
In order to resist Sybil attacks in wireless sensor networks and protect data privacy, this paper proposes a Sybil attack detection strategy for wireless sensor networks integrating interactive reputation and received signal strength ratio(SD-IR&SR) in wireless sensor networks. Introducing reputation maintenance functions and anomaly correction factors in calculating node interaction reputation values to reduce the impact of historical interaction behavior on reputation values. Establish a global reputation value matrix to calculate the average global reputation value of each node, ensuring the fairness of node reputation values. Set nodes with a global reputation average lower than the reputation threshold as untrustworthy nodes, and set up monitoring nodes to use RSSR value comparison method for detection to determine whether the node is a Sybil node. The simulation results show that SD-IR&SR can effectively detect Sybil nodes in the network, in a network where witch nodes account for 50%, it can still maintain a low packet loss rate, ensure data integrity, low latency transmission, and improve the security of wireless sensor networks.
为有效防范Sybil攻击对网络的侵害,国内外许多专家学者在信誉模型、密钥认证、定位技术接收信号强度(Received signal strength indicator, RSSI)等方面开展了很多有益的工作。Khan等[8]提出了一种大规模聚类WSNs综合信誉值估计方法(LTS)检测网络中的Sybil节点,采用计时窗口机制监视节点间的交互情况,通过计算节点间直接信誉值和间接信誉值估计综合信誉值,并可动态调节对恶意节点的惩戒度和信誉函数的苛刻度。Anwar等[9]利用贝叶斯信任评估模型计算传感器节点的直接和间接信任值,根据预定义的阈值检查节点信任级别区分Sybil节点和受信节点,以确保数据的安全交付。许多基于不同信誉评估机制的WSNs恶意入侵检测模型也具有参考价值[10,11]。Urooj等[12]提出了ECC-AES加密算法保护网络中数据的安全传输,首先使用一种非对称椭圆曲线加密(Elliptic curve cryptography,ECC)方法生成密钥,再通过高级加密标准(Advanced encryption standard,AES)和ECC加密混合对数据进行加密,可以保障数据传输的安全性,防御网络中各种恶意攻击。Dong等[13]提出了一种基于DV-Hop策略的安全定位算法,通过验证节点“跳数”和不同时间段的“邻居列表集”判定该节点是否为Sybil节点,并对安全定位结果进行优化,降低了节点定位误差。Jamshidi等[14]设计了一种新型集群式无线传感器网络Sybil攻击模型,并利用基于RSSI和三点定位的分布式算法抵御新的攻击模型,在这个攻击模型中,恶意节点可以使用每个Sybil身份加入网络的多个集群中,进行大范围攻击。邢小东[15]在动态WSNs的基础上提出了一种抗合谋Sybil攻击检测方法,引入无线网络攻击检测法完成对Sybil攻击的分类,利用角度-衰减度检测法计算网络攻击两点基本原则,最后通过锚节点对Sybil节点进行定位。Hussain等[16]提出了一种基于深度学习网络的新型入侵检测系统,使用混合WOA-ABC算法进行恶意攻击种类的特征提取,再利用卷积神经网络(CNN)架构进行分类,从而对网络中被攻击的节点进行筛选。
在上述抵御Sybil攻击方案的基础上,本文提出以下几点创新:①计算节点信誉值时加入信誉维护函数和异常修正因子,削弱历史交互行为对节点信誉值的影响,并建立全域信誉值矩阵计算节点的全域信誉均值,避免由个别节点对信誉值的武断判定,保障计算节点信誉值的准确和公正;②计算接收信号强度值时,综合考虑了电磁波的路径损耗,使计算结果进一步贴近工程实际;③设定信誉阈值将节点进行分类后,利用接收信号强度比(Received signal strength ratio, RSSR)对其做进一步检测,既解决了由于信誉模型模糊判定误检率较高的问题,又避免采用RSSI方法检测时所有节点都需要检测判定带来的能耗过大问题。
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